Business Immigration Practice
Robert C. Divine
Price: $175.00 1200 pages. 1 Softcover Volume. Table of Cases. Table of Statutes. Index. One CD-ROM. Published December 2004.
ISBN-13: 978-1-57823-196-6 / ISBN-10: 1-57823-196-5
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Business Imigration Practice
Table of Contents
Summary Table of Contents
Preface
Acknowledgements
________
Part I
DEALING WITH CLIENTS, GOVERNMENT AGENCIES, AND THE LAW
Chapter 1
CLIENT CONTACTS AND PREPARATION OF FILINGS
§ 1‑1. Introduction
§ 1‑2. Phone Calls
§ 1‑3. First Interview
§ 1‑4. Fee Arrangements
§ 1‑5. Questionnaires
§ 1‑6. Forms and Fees
§ 1‑7. Preparing Applications
§ 1‑8. Documents
§ 1‑9. File Organization
§ 1‑10. Later Client Communications
§ 1‑11. Interviews and Record Checks with Agencies
Chapter 2
DEALING WITH AGENCIES
§ 2‑1. Introduction
§ 2‑2. Department of Homeland Security and Department of Justice (formerly INS)
§ 2‑2(a). DHS Overview
§ 2‑2(b). District and Local Offices
§ 2‑2(c). Regional Service Centers
§ 2‑2(d). Developments
§ 2‑2(e). Offices Overseas
§ 2‑2(f). Interior and Border Enforcement
§ 2‑2(g). Removal Proceedings
§ 2‑2(h). Administrative Reopening, Reconsideration, and Appeal
§ 2‑2(i). ALJ Hearings
§ 2‑3. State Department
§ 2‑3(a). Consulates
§ 2‑3(b). Visa Office
§ 2‑3(c). Passport Offices and BAR
§ 2‑3(d). Services for U.S. Citizens and Residents Traveling Abroad
§ 2‑3(e). J-1 Exchange Visitor Program Designation and Waivers
§ 2‑4. Department of Labor
§ 2‑4(a). Employment Training Administration
§ 2‑4(b). Wage and Hour Division
§ 2‑5. Other Agencies
§ 2‑5(a). Department of Commerce
§ 2-5(b). Department of Treasury
§ 2-5(c). Social Security Administration
§ 2-5(d). Department of Health and Human Services
§ 2‑6. Congressional Offices
Chapter 3
REPRESENTATION BY ATTORNEYS AND NONPROFIT AGENCIES
§ 3‑1. Introduction
§ 3‑2. Rules Concerning Representation
§ 3‑3. Right to Representation
§ 3‑4. Free Legal Service Providers
§ 3‑5. Notice of Representation
§ 3‑6. Dual Representation and Ethics
§ 3‑7. Professional Support
Chapter 4
REQUESTS FOR GOVERNMENT FILES
§ 4‑1. Introduction
§ 4‑2. Department of Homeland Security
§ 4‑3. State Department
§ 4‑4. Department of Labor
Chapter 5
SOURCES OF LAW
§ 5‑1. Introduction
§ 5‑2. Statutes
§ 5‑3. Regulations
§ 5‑4. Policy Statements, etc
§ 5‑5. Administrative Cases
§ 5‑6. Reading Rooms
§ 5‑7. Other Current Sources
§ 5‑8. Other Internet Sites
Part II
THE IMMIGRATION PROCESS
Chapter 6
INTRODUCTION TO IMMIGRATION PROCEDURES
§ 6‑1. Introduction
§ 6‑2. Nonimmigrant Status (Chapter 7)
§ 6‑3. Obtaining Permanent Residence (Chapter 8)
§ 6‑4. Maintaining Permanent Residence (Chapter 10)
§ 6‑5. Removal for Inadmissibility and Deportability (Chapters 10 & 11)
§ 6‑6. Naturalization and Citizenship (Chapter 12)
§ 6‑7. Analogy
Chapter 7
NONIMMIGRANT (TEMPORARY) VISAS AND
STATUS: ACQUIRING, USING, EXTENDING,
AND CHANGING THEM
§ 7‑1. Introduction
§ 7‑2. USCIS Petitions
§ 7‑2(a). Classifications Requiring USCIS Petitions
§ 7‑2(b). Preliminary Filings and Procedures
§ 7‑2(c). General I‑129 Filing Procedures
§ 7‑2(d). Disposition of Petitions
§ 7‑2(e). Multiple Locations, Employers, and Beneficiaries
§ 7‑2(e)(1). Multiple Locations
§ 7‑2(e)(2). Multiple Employers
§ 7‑2(e)(3). Multiple Beneficiaries
§ 7‑2(e)(4). L‑1 Differences
§ 7‑2(e)(5). Filing of Petitions by Agents and Contractors (H, O, P)
§ 7‑2(f). Effect of Strikes and Dismissal
§ 7‑2(g). Time Limitations and Extensions
§ 7‑2(h). Changed Circumstances
§ 7‑3. Nonimmigrant Visas
§ 7‑3(a). Special Procedures for Canadians and Commonwealth Nations (Easier) and Other Countries (Harder)
§ 7‑3(b). Place/Manner of Visa Application
§ 7‑3(b)(1). In Person at Consulate Near Residence
§ 7‑3(b)(2). By Mail
§ 7‑3(b)(3). “Third-Country Processing”
§ 7‑3(b)(4). Visa Revalidation
§ 7‑3(c). Eligibility
§ 7‑3(c)(1). Choosing a Nonimmigrant Classification
§ 7‑3(c)(2). Family Members
§ 7‑3(c)(3). DOS Partial Deference to USCIS Petition Approvals
§ 7‑3(c)(4). Nonimmigrant Intent
§ 7‑3(c)(4)(i). “Home Abroad” Requirement
§ 7‑3(c)(4)(ii). “Temporary” Requirement
§ 7‑3(c)(4)(iii)..... Effect of Desire for or Steps Toward Permanent Residence
§ 7‑3(c)(4)(iv). Documentation
§ 7‑3(d). Application Package
§ 7‑3(e). Application Procedure
§ 7‑3(e)(1). Approval
§ 7‑3(e)(2). Visa Validity
§ 7‑3(e)(3). Expired Passports and Visa Transfers
§ 7‑3(e)(4). Side Travel to Canada, Mexico and Adjacent Islands
§ 7‑3(e)(5). Visa Refusals
§ 7‑3(e)(6). Review of Refusals
§ 7‑3(e)(6)(i). Reconsideration
§ 7‑3(e)(6)(ii). Supervisory Review
§ 7‑3(e)(6)(iii). New Consulate Application
§ 7‑3(e)(6)(iv). Advisory Opinion
§ 7‑3(e)(6)(v). Reapplication
§ 7‑3(e)(6)(vi). Visa Office Complaint
§ 7‑3(e)(6)(vii). Nonreviewability
§ 7‑3(e)(6)(viii). Later Effect of Refusal
§ 7‑3(e)(7). Visa Revocation/Cancellation/Reinstatement
§ 7‑4. Admission, Parole, and Removal for Inadmissibility
§ 7‑4(a). Inspection
§ 7‑4(a)(1). Documents and Biometrics
§ 7‑4(a)(2). Secondary Inspection and Special Registration
§ 7‑4(b). Admission
§ 7‑4(c). Removal Before Admission
§ 7‑4(c)(1). “Expedited Removal” Before Admission
§ 7‑4(c)(2). Withdrawal of Application Before Removal Proceedings
§ 7‑4(c)(3). Detention and Parole
§ 7‑4(c)(4). Application for Asylum or Withholding of Removal
§ 7‑4(c)(5). Withdrawal During Proceedings
§ 7‑4(c)(6). Removal Proceedings: Entry
§ 7‑4(c)(7). Waivers
§ 7‑4(c)(8). Removal Notice
§ 7‑4(c)(9). Hearing Procedures Concerning Inadmissibility
§ 7‑4(c)(10). Removal Hearing Substance
§ 7‑4(c)(11). Immigration Judge’s Decision: Admission or Removal
§ 7‑4(c)(12). Appeals
§ 7‑4(c)(13). Other Penalties
§ 7‑4(d). Maintenance and Violation of Nonimmigrant Status
§ 7‑5. Extensions and Change of Nonimmigrant Status
§ 7‑5(a). Special Classifications
§ 7‑5(b). The I‑129 Group
§ 7‑5(b)(1). Extension of Stay
§ 7‑5(b)(1)(i). Changed Circumstances of Employment
§ 7‑5(b)(2). Change of Status
§ 7‑5(c). The I‑539 Group
§ 7‑5(d). General Eligibility and Timing
§ 7‑5(e). Action on Change/Extension
§ 7‑5(f). Denial of Change/Extension
§ 7‑5(g). Approval of Change/Extension
§ 7‑5(h). Visa Renewal/Revalidation
§ 7‑5(h)(1). H, L, O, P and Q Classifications
§ 7‑5(h)(2). All Classifications
§ 7‑5(h)(3). Visa Revalidation
§ 7‑5(h)(4). Automatic Contiguous Country Revalidation
§ 7‑5(i). Replacement and Surrender of the I‑94 Card
Chapter 8
PROCESSING TOWARD PERMANENT RESIDENCE
§ 8‑1. Introduction
§ 8‑2. Paths to Substantive Eligibility
§ 8‑3. Family-Based and Employment-Based Petitions
§ 8‑3(a). Choosing Method of Processing
§ 8‑3(b). Filing the Petition
§ 8‑3(c). Petition Denials
§ 8‑3(c)(1). Marriage Fraud
§ 8‑3(d). Petition Approval
§ 8‑3(e). Priority Dates, Visa Numbers and Backlogs
§ 8‑3(f). Validity, Revocation and Conversion of Petitions
§ 8‑4. Derivative Beneficiaries,Alternate Chargeability and Children
§ 8‑4(a). Derivative Beneficiaries
§ 8‑4(a)(1). Eligibility
§ 8‑4(a)(2). Procedures
§ 8‑4(b). Countries of “Chargeability”
§ 8‑4(c). Derivative Status vs. Alternate Chargeability
§ 8‑4(d). “Child Status” and Protection
§ 8‑5. Effect on Nonimmigrant Status
§ 8‑6. Visa Processing vs. Adjustment of Status
§ 8‑6(a). Comparison of Procedures
§ 8‑6(b). Switching Processing Locations/Methods
§ 8‑7. Adjustment of Status
§ 8‑7(a). Various Uses of Adjustment
§ 8‑7(b). Eligibility
§ 8‑7(b)(1). Inspection and Admission or Parole
§ 8‑7(b)(2). Continuous Lawful Status
§ 8‑7(b)(2)(i). No Unauthorized Employment
§ 8‑7(b)(2)(ii). Lawful Status Since Entry
§ 8‑7(b)(2)(iii). Legal Status at Filing Time
§ 8‑7(b)(3). Immediate Visa Availability
§ 8‑7(b)(4). Admissibility
§ 8‑7(b)(5). Expanded Eligibility, Penalty Fees, and Disqualifications
§ 8‑7(c). Application Package
§ 8‑7(d). Filing Procedures
§ 8‑7(d)(1). Delays in Processing
§ 8‑7(d)(2). Foreign Travel Restrictions
§ 8‑7(d)(2)(i). Advance Parole Request
§ 8‑7(d)(2)(ii). H & L Returns Without Advance Parole
§ 8‑7(d)(3). Interview
§ 8‑7(d)(4). Waiver of Interview
§ 8‑7(e). Approval
§ 8‑7(f). Denial
§ 8‑7(g). Rescission
§ 8‑8. Visa Processing
§ 8‑8(a). Eligibility and Choice
§ 8‑8(b). General Procedures
§ 8‑8(b)(1). NVC’s Initial Process in Standard Situation
§ 8‑8(b)(2). Variations
§ 8‑8(b)(3). Cable Notification/Advance Processing
§ 8‑8(b)(4). Lottery Applicants
§ 8‑8(c). Choosing a Consulate
§ 8‑8(c)(1). Aliens Residing Abroad
§ 8‑8(c)(2). Aliens in the U.S.
§ 8‑8(c)(3). “Third Countries”
§ 8‑8(c)(4). Transfer of Consulates
§ 8‑8(d). Packets and Processing
§ 8‑8(d)(1). Instructions for Applicants
§ 8‑8(d)(1)(i). Documentary Qualification
§ 8‑8(d)(1)(ii). Police and Military Certificates
§ 8‑8(d)(1)(iii). Limits on Immigrant Visa from Past Unlawful Presence
§ 8‑8(d)(1)(iv). NCIC Criminal Record Checks and Fingerprints
§ 8‑8(d)(2). Appointment Notice
§ 8‑8(d)(2)(i). Medical Examinations
§ 8‑8(d)(2)(ii). Interview
§ 8‑8(d)(3). Derivative Beneficiaries
§ 8‑8(e). Action on Application
§ 8‑8(e)(1). Visa Numbers
§ 8‑8(e)(2). Approval of Visa
§ 8‑8(e)(3). Termination of Registration
§ 8‑8(e)(4). Proceedings at Border
§ 8‑8(e)(4)(i). Documents
§ 8‑8(e)(4)(ii). Removal for Inadmissibility
§ 8‑8(e)(4)(iii). Admission
Chapter 9
MAINTAINING PERMANENT RESIDENCE STATUS
§ 9‑1. Obtaining, Carrying and Replacing I‑551
§ 9‑1(a). Obtaining I‑551
§ 9‑1(b). “Replacing” and “Renewing” I‑551
§ 9‑1(c). Procedures
§ 9‑1(d). Application Package
§ 9‑2. Rights and Restrictions
§ 9‑2(a). Rights of Permanent Residents
§ 9‑2(b). Loss of Permanent Residence Status
§ 9‑2(c). Foreign Travel for Permanent Residents
§ 9‑2(c)(1). Generally
§ 9‑2(c)(2). Removal of Returning Permanent Residents
§ 9‑2(c)(2)(i). Seeking Admission vs. Avoiding Removal
§ 9‑2(c)(2)(ii). Waivers for Inadmissibility and Deportability
§ 9‑2(c)(2)(iii). Removal Proceedings for Inadmissibility
§ 9‑2(c)(3). Abandonment
§ 9‑2(c)(3)(i). Effect of Abandonment Finding
§ 9‑2(c)(3)(ii). Lifting “Green Cards”
§ 9‑2(c)(3)(iii). Renunciation
§ 9‑2(c)(3)(iv). New Immigrant Visa Processing
§ 9‑2(c)(4). Reentry Permits
§ 9‑2(c)(4)(i). For Extended Absences
§ 9‑2(c)(4)(ii). Passport Purposes
§ 9‑2(c)(4)(iii). Application Package
§ 9‑2(c)(5). Other Documentary Requirements for Entry
§ 9‑2(c)(5)(i). Returning Resident Visas
§ 9‑2(c)(5)(ii). Immigrant Visa Waivers
§ 9‑2(c)(6). Alien Commuters
§ 9‑2(c)(7). Changing Permanent Residence Categories
Part III
PATHS TO PERMANENT RESIDENCE
Chapter 10
EMPLOYMENT-BASED AVENUES TO PERMANENT
RESIDENCE
§ 10-1. Introduction
§ 10-1(a). Categories and Allocations
§ 10-1(b). Backlogs
§ 10-1(c). Job Offers and Labor Certifications
§ 10-1(d). Licensure
§ 10-1(e). Job Duration
§ 10-1(f). Procedures
§ 10-1(g). Who May Petition
§ 10-1(h). Change of Employers
§ 10-1(i). Changes in Ownership/Name of Employer
§ 10-1(j). Transition to 1990 Act
§ 10-1(k). Basic Petition Package
§ 10-1(l). Ability to Pay Wage
§ 10-1(m). Qualifications Required by Job and Held by Alien
§ 10-2. Categories
§ 10-2(a). First Preference
§ 10-2(a)(1). Aliens with Extraordinary Ability
§ 10-2(a)(2). Outstanding Professors and Researchers
§ 10-2(a)(2)(i). Multiple Criteria Eligibility Tests
§ 10-2(a)(3). Multinational Executives and Managers
§ 10-2(b). Second Preference
§ 10-2(b)(1). National Interest Waiver of Job-Offer Requirement
§ 10-2(b)(2). Professionals with Advanced Degrees
§ 10-2(b)(3). Aliens of Exceptional Ability in the Sciences, Arts, or Business
§ 10-2(b)(3)(i). DHS Rules
§ 10-2(b)(3)(ii). DOL’s Schedule A Group II Labor Certification Exemption
§ 10-2(b)(3)(iii). Special Handling for Aliens with Exceptional Ability in the Performing Arts and for College and University Teachers
§ 10-2(c). Third Preference
§ 10-2(c)(1). Professionals
§ 10-2(c)(2). Skilled Workers
§ 10-2(c)(2)(i). DOL’s Schedule A Group I for Nurses and Physical Therapists
§ 10-2(c)(3). Other Workers
§ 10-2(d). Strategic Issues for the First, Second, and Third Preferences
§ 10-2(d)(1). Comparative Analysis Framework
§ 10-2(d)(2). Comparing Factor-Oriented Categories
§ 10-2(d)(3). Multiple Filings
§ 10-2(d)(4). Professionals, H‑1B, Labor Certification, and Preferences
§ 10-2(e). Fourth Preference for Special Immigrants, Including Religious Workers
§ 10-2(f). Fifth Preference for Investors
§ 10-2(f)(1). Procedures
§ 10-2(f)(2). Petition Package
§ 10-2(f)(3). Supporting Evidence Issues
§ 10-2(f)(3)(i). New Commercial Enterprise
§ 10-2(f)(3)(ii). Required Amount of Capital
§ 10-2(f)(3)(iii). Lawful Means
§ 10-2(f)(3)(iv). Ten Full-Time Positions for Qualifying Employees
§ 10-2(f)(3)(v). Management by Investor
§ 10-2(f)(3)(vi). Multiple Investors
§ 10-2(f)(4). Conditional Status and Fraud Provisions
§ 10-2(f)(5). Pilot Program for Indirect Employment Creation
§ 10-3. The Labor Certification Process
§ 10-3(a). Statute, Regulations, and Guidelines
§ 10-3(b). Procedures Overview
§ 10-3(c). Preparing the Application Package
§ 10-3(c)(1). Where, When, and How to File
§ 10-3(c)(2). Nature of the Employment
§ 10-3(c)(3). Bona Fide Job Opportunity
§ 10-3(c)(4). What to Pay (“Prevailing Wage”)
§ 10-3(c)(5). Describing the Job Duties and Requirements
§ 10-3(c)(6). Effect on “Preference” Category
§ 10-3(c)(7). Articulation
§ 10-3(c)(8). DOL Publications
§ 10-3(c)(9). Licensing
§ 10-3(c)(10). Other Drafting Considerations
§ 10-3(c)(11). Alien’s Credentials
§ 10-3(c)(12). Timing of Credentials
§ 10-3(c)(13). Business Necessity
§ 10-3(c)(14). Drafting Job Order, Posting Notice, and Advertisement
§ 10-3(c)(15). Request for Waiver of Recruitment
§ 10-3(d). Post-Application (or Pre-RIR Filing) Process
§ 10-3(d)(1). SWA Review
§ 10-3(d)(2). Recruitment Process
§ 10-3(d)(3). Advertisement
§ 10-3(d)(4). Posting
§ 10-3(d)(5). Other Recruitment
§ 10-3(d)(6). Receipt and Review of Résumés
§ 10-3(d)(7). Conducting Interviews
§ 10-3(d)(8). Recruitment Report
§ 10-3(d)(9). Legitimate Reasons for Rejections
§ 10-3(e). SWA Review, Report to CO, and CO Action
§ 10-3(f). Reconsideration and/or Appeals
§ 10-3(g). New Applications
§ 10-3(h). Special Procedures for Certain Occupations
§ 10-3(h)(1). Schedule A Occupations
§ 10-3(h)(2). “Special Handling” Procedures: Most Qualified
College and University Teachers
Exceptional Ability Performing Artists
§ 10-3(h)(3). Sheepherders
§ 10-3(h)(4). DOL Pilot Program
§ 10-3(h)(5). Schedule B and Waivers
Schedule B Waivers
“Household Domestic Service Workers”
“Live-in Household Domestic Service Workers”
§ 10-3(i). Issues Arising After Certification
§ 10-3(i)(1). Validity of Certification
§ 10-3(i)(2). Amendments to Certification
§ 10-3(i)(3). Change of Ownership, Employer, or Alien
§ 10-3(i)(4). Relocation of Work
§ 10-3(i)(5). Changes in Salary and/or Duties
Part IV
CLASSIFICATIONS FOR
TEMPORARY STATUS, AND
COMPARATIVE PERMANENT OPPORTUNITIES
Chapter 11
TEMPORARY EMPLOYMENT-BASED
CLASSIFICATIONS (AND INDUSTRY-SPECIFIC
PERMANENT RESIDENCE MATTERS)
§ 11-1. Introduction
§ 11-2. Historical Perspective
§ 11-3. Workers for Businesses with International Connections
§ 11-3(a). Treaty Traders and Investors and Their Employees (E‑1, E‑2)
§ 11-3(a)(1). General Eligibility
§ 11-3(a)(2). Strategies
§ 11-3(a)(3). Procedures
§ 11-3(a)(4). Application/Petition Package
§ 11-3(a)(5). Specific Requirements
§ 11-3(a)(5)(i). Applicable Treaty
§ 11-3(a)(5)(ii). Nationality of Alien and Employer
§ 11-3(a)(5)(iii). Qualifying Positions
§ 11-3(a)(5)(iv). “Substantial” Trade or Investment
§ 11-3(a)(6). Spouse and Children
§ 11-3(b). Multinational Businesses: Executives, Managers, and Specialized Knowledge Workers (Temporary L‑1 and Permanent “Priority Worker”)
§ 11-3(b)(1). Statutory Provisions
§ 11-3(b)(2). L‑1 and “Priority” Distinguished
§ 11-3(b)(3). Procedures
§ 11-3(b)(3)(i). “Priority” (Permanent) Residence
§ 11-3(b)(3)(ii). L‑1 (Temporary)
§ 11-3(b)(4). Petition Packages
§ 11-3(b)(4)(i). L‑1 (Temporary)
§ 11-3(b)(4)(ii). “Priority” (Permanent)
§ 11-3(b)(5). Specific Definitions and Requirements
§ 11-3(b)(5)(i). Qualifying Organizations
§ 11-3(b)(5)(ii).... Managerial, Executive, and Specialized Knowledge Capacity
§ 11-3(b)(5)(iii). One-Year Employment Abroad
§ 11-3(b)(6). Special Problem: New U.S. Businesses
§ 11-3(b)(7). Special Opportunity: Blanket L‑1 Petitions
§ 11-3(c). Permanent Residence Opportunities
§ 11-3(d). Special Reporting Required for Foreign Businesses and Their Representatives
§ 11-4. Workers for Any U.S. Business: Extraordinary Ability Aliens, Professionals, and Workers in Short Supply
§ 11-4(a). Extraordinary Ability Aliens (O‑1)
§ 11-4(a)(1). Eligibility and Petition Package
§ 11-4(a)(2). Procedures
§ 11-4(a)(3). Advisory Opinion
§ 11-4(a)(4). Strategic Considerations
§ 11-4(b). “Specialty Occupations” (H‑1B)
§ 11-4(b)(1). Preliminary Considerations
§ 11-4(b)(2). Statutory Provisions
§ 11-4(b)(3). Procedures
§ 11-4(b)(4). USCIS Petition Package
§ 11-4(b)(4)(i). Professional Nature of the Position
§ 11-4(b)(4)(ii). Professional Qualifications of the Alien
§ 11-4(b)(4)(iii). Annual Numerical Limitation (“H-1B Cap”)
§ 11-4(b)(4)(iv). Chile and Singapore Treaties
§ 11-4(b)(5). Labor Condition Application
§ 11-4(b)(5)(i). Mechanics
§ 11-4(b)(5)(i)(1). Completing Form ETA 9035
§ 11-4(b)(5)(i)(2). Validity Period and Updates
§ 11-4(b)(5)(i)(3). Employer’s “Labor Condition Statements”
Actual and Prevailing Wage
Working Conditions
Strike or Lockout
Notice to Employees
Record Retention
Unexpected New Locations for Work
Changes in H‑1B Employee’s Position or Pay
§ 11-4(b)(5)(ii). Complaints, Investigations, and Penalties
§ 11-4(b)(5)(iii). H-1B “Dependent” Employers
§ 11-4(c). NAFTA for Canadians and Mexicans
§ 11-4(c)(1). Business Visitors
§ 11-4(c)(1)(i). Listed Occupations and Professions
§ 11-4(c)(1)(ii). Procedures
§ 11-4(c)(1)(iii). Application Package
§ 11-4(c)(2). Professionals (TN)
§ 11-4(c)(2)(i). Professions Included
§ 11-4(c)(2)(ii). Procedures
§ 11-4(c)(2)(iii). Canadian Application Package
§ 11-4(d). Workers in Short Supply for Temporary Positions (H‑2B)
§ 11-4(d)(1). Temporary Nature of Position
§ 11-4(d)(2). Labor-Certification Requirement
§ 11-4(d)(2)(i). Procedures
§ 11-4(d)(2)(ii). Temporary Labor-Certification Application
Package§ 11-4(d)(3). H‑2B Petition Package
§ 11-5. Workers in Specific Industries
§ 11-5(a). Athletes and Performing Artists
§ 11-5(a)(1). B Visitor Status
§ 11-5(a)(2). O&P Status: The Statute
§ 11-5(a)(2)(i). General Procedures
§ 11-5(a)(2)(ii). Categories and Petition Packages
§ 11-5(a)(2)(iii). Consultations
§ 11-5(a)(2)(iv). Petitioners and Multiple Beneficiaries
§ 11-5(a)(2)(v). Period of Stay
§ 11-5(a)(2)(vi). Return Transportation Requirement
§ 11-5(a)(3). Permanent Residence for Athletes and Performing Artists
§ 11-5(b). Religious Workers
§ 11-5(b)(1). The Statute
§ 11-5(b)(2). Petition/Application Procedures
§ 11-5(b)(2)(i). Immigrants
§ 11-5(b)(2)(ii). Nonimmigrants
§ 11-5(b)(3). Supporting Documents/Issues
§ 11-5(b)(3)(i). Nature of Religious Organization
§ 11-5(b)(3)(ii). Alien’s Previous Relationship
§ 11-5(b)(3)(iii). Nature of the Position
§ 11-5(b)(3)(iv). Remuneration of Alien
§ 11-5(b)(4). Other Options for Religious Workers
§ 11-5(b)(4)(i). Alternatives for Immigrant Religious Workers
§ 11-5(b)(4)(ii). Alternatives for Nonimmigrant Religious Workers
§ 11-5(c). Medical Professionals
§ 11-5(c)(1). Physicians
§ 11-5(c)(1)(i). General Considerations
Credentialing and Licensing in General
Clinical Versus Non-Clinical Duties
Foreign Versus U.S.‑Accredited Medical School
State Licensing
§ 11-5(c)(1)(ii). Nonimmigrant Classifications
Medical Students, Clerks, and “Externs”
J‑1 Exchange Visitors
H‑1B Status
Non-Clinical Work: J‑1 Versus H‑1B
NAFTA Non-Clinical Work
Other Nonimmigrant Classifications
§ 11-5(c)(1)(iii). Permanent Residence for Physicians
Licensing/Training Issues
Positions Involving Clinical Care
Non-Clinical Positions
§ 11-5(c)(2). Nurses
§ 11-5(c)(2)(i). General Credentials: Degree, Exam, and Licensing
§ 11-5(c)(2)(ii). Nonimmigrant Classifications for Registered Nurses
H‑1A and H-1C Registered Nurses
H‑1B Status for Nurses
TN Status for Canadian RNs
Other Nonimmigrant Classifications for RNs
§ 11-5(c)(2)(iii). Permanent Residence for “Professional Nurses”
Schedule A
Special Adjustment of Status Procedures
§ 11-5(c)(3). Other Health Care Workers
§ 11-5(c)(4). Special Certification Required of Non-Physician
Health Care Workers
§ 11-5(d). Educators, Researchers, and Scholars
§ 11-5(d)(1). Immigrant Options
§ 11-5(d)(2). Nonimmigrant Options
§ 11-5(d)(2)(i). General Classifications
§ 11-5(d)(2)(ii). J‑1 Categories
Professors and Research Scholars
Teachers
Short-Term Scholars
§ 11-5(e). Agricultural Worker
§ 11-5(e)(1). H-2A Temporary Workers
§ 11-5(e)(1)(i). “Temporary or Seasonal” Requirement
§ 11-5(e)(1)(ii). Agricultural Work Requirement
§ 11-5(e)(1)(iii). Labor Certification
Application
Initial Processing and Recruitment
DOL Action on Application
Post-Determination Changes
Employer/Association Violations and Penalties
Appeals
§ 11-5(e)(1)(iv). Petition to USCIS
§ 11-5(e)(1)(v). Conditions/“Assurances”
§ 11-5(f). Crewmen and Longshore Workers
§ 11-5(f)(1). Issues Not Covered Here
§ 11-5(f)(2). Nonimmigrant Classifications Available
§ 11-5(f)(2)(i). B Visitors
§ 11-5(f)(2)(ii). C‑1 and TWOV Transits
§ 11-5(f)(2)(iii). D Crewmen
§ 11-5(f)(2)(iv). Other Classifications
§ 11-5(f)(3). Parole
§ 11-5(f)(4). Permanent Residence
§ 11-5(g). Information Media Workers
§ 11-5(h). Foreign and Multinational Governmental Officials
§ 11-5(h)(1). Nonimmigrants (A, C, G and NATO)
§ 11-5(h)(1)(i). Principal Aliens
Officials of Recognized Foreign Governments (A)
Aliens in Transit (C)
International Organization Aliens (G)
NATO Representatives, Officials, and Employees (NATO)
§ 11-5(h)(1)(ii). Attendants, Servants, and Personal Employees
§ 11-5(h)(1)(iii). Immediate Family Members Dependent Employment Authorization
§ 11-5(h)(1)(iv). Special Rules of Admissibility and Deportability
§ 11-5(h)(1)(v). Procedures
§ 11-5(h)(1)(vi). “Diplomatic” and “Official” Visas
§ 11-5(h)(2). Permanent Residence Opportunities
§ 11-5(h)(3). Citizenship of Diplomats’ Children Born in the U.S.
§ 11-6. Government Informants and Victims
Chapter 12
VISITORS, STUDENTS, AND TRAINEES
§ 12-1. Introduction
§ 12-2. Summary of Classifications
§ 12-3. Visitors
§ 12-3(a). B‑1/B‑2 Visitors
§ 12-3(a)(1). General Procedures and Requirements
§ 12-3(a)(2). Allowable Activities and Time Periods for Visitors
§ 12-3(a)(2)(i). B‑2 Visitors for Pleasure
§ 12-3(a)(2)(ii). B‑1 Visitors for Business
§ 12-3(b). Other Arrangements for Visitors
§ 12-3(b)(1). North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)
§ 12-3(b)(2). Visa Waiver Program
§ 12-3(b)(2)(i). Countries Designated
§ 12-3(b)(2)(ii). Individual Eligibility
§ 12-3(b)(2)(iii). Procedures
§ 12-3(b)(2)(iv). Medical Treatment Voluntary Departure
§ 12-3(b)(3). Visa Waiver for Guam
§ 12-3(b)(4). C‑1 Transits and Transit Without Visa (TWOV)
§ 12-3(b)(5). Border-Crossing Cards for Canadians and Mexicans
§ 12-3(b)(6). Other Visa Waivers
§ 12-4. Students and SEVIS
§ 12-4(a). Accompanying Aliens in Other Classifications
§ 12-4(b). B‑2 Students
§ 12-4(c). Other Aliens
§ 12-4(d). F‑1 and M‑1 Students
§ 12-4(d)(1). School Accreditation
§ 12-4(d)(2). School Issuance of Form I‑20
§ 12-4(d)(3). Visa Application and U.S. Entry from Abroad
§ 12-4(d)(4). Changing to Student Status in the U.S
§ 12-4(d)(5). Supporting Documentation
§ 12-4(d)(5)(i). Nonimmigrant Intent
§ 12-4(d)(5)(ii). Financial Support
§ 12-4(d)(5)(iii). Reason for Entry in Nonstudent Status
§ 12-4(d)(6). Duration, Maintenance, and Extension of Student Status
§ 12-4(d)(7). Violation and Restoration of Status
§ 12-4(d)(8). School Transfers
§ 12-4(d)(9). Employment of Students
§ 12-4(d)(9)(i). F-1 On-Campus Employment
§ 12-4(d)(9)(ii). Severe Economic Hardship Employment
§ 12-4(d)(9)(iii). Practical Training
“Curricular” Practical Training
“Optional” Practical Training
Procedures and Timing for F‑1 Optional Practical Training
M‑1 Practical Training
§ 12-4(d)(9)(iv). Internship with International Organization
§ 12-4(d)(9)(v). Special Arrangements for Emergent Circumstances
§ 12-4(d)(10). Temporary Absences from U.S
§ 12-4(d)(11). Spouse and Children
§ 12-4(d)(12). Limitations on Study at Publicly Funded Institutions
§ 12-4(d)(13). Part-Time Commuter Study
§ 12-4(e). J‑1 Student Programs
§ 12-4(e)(1). J Versus F Programs
§ 12-4(e)(2). College and University Students
§ 12-4(e)(3). Secondary School Students
§ 12-5. Training and Exchange Visitor Classifications
§ 12-5(a). Comparison of Classifications
§ 12-5(b). J‑1 Exchange Visitors
§ 12-5(b)(1). Rules and Procedures for Sponsors
§ 12-5(b)(1)(i). Citizenship Requirement for Private Sponsors
§ 12-5(b)(1)(ii). General Eligibility
§ 12-5(b)(1)(iii). Sponsors’ “Responsible Officers”
§ 12-5(b)(1)(iv). Insurance for Participants
§ 12-5(b)(1)(v). Contact with State Department (formerly USIA)
§ 12-5(b)(1)(vi). Sanctions
§ 12-5(b)(2). Rules and Procedures for J‑1 Exchange Visitors
§ 12-5(b)(2)(i). Original Processing
§ 12-5(b)(2)(ii). J Visa Application and Admission
§ 12-5(b)(2)(iii). Change of Status to J
§ 12-5(b)(2)(iv). Maintenance/Reinstatement of Status, and Transfer and Extension of Program and/or Status
§ 12-5(b)(2)(v). Change of Program Category
§ 12-5(b)(2)(vi). Readmission in J Status
§ 12-5(b)(2)(vii). Termination of Participation
§ 12-5(b)(2)(viii). Work Authorization of J‑1/J‑2 Aliens
§ 12-5(b)(2)(ix). Two-Year Foreign Residency Requirement
Bases for Residency Requirement
Removing the Residency Requirement’s Bar
Dependents and the Residency Requirement
§ 12-5(b)(3). Category Eligibility and Procedures
§ 12-5(b)(3)(i). Students, Teachers, Professors and Research Scholars, Short-Term Scholars, and Graduate Medical Trainees
§ 12-5(b)(3)(ii). Trainees
§ 12-5(b)(3)(iii). Specialists
§ 12-5(b)(3)(iv). International Visitors
§ 12-5(b)(3)(v). Government Visitors
§ 12-5(b)(3)(vi). Camp Counselors
§ 12-5(b)(3)(vii). Au Pairs
§ 12-5(b)(3)(viii). Summer Student/Travel Work
§ 12-5(c). Q “Cultural Visitors”
§ 12-5(c)(1). Eligibility of Program and Alien
§ 12-5(c)(2). Procedures
§ 12-5(c)(3). Petition Package
§ 12-5(d). H‑3 Trainees
§ 12-5(d)(1). Training Program Requirements
§ 12-5(d)(2). Procedures
§ 12-5(d)(3). Petition Package
§ 12-5(d)(4). Special H‑3 Programs
§ 12-6. Permanent Residence Options for Visitors, Students, and Trainees
Part V
OTHER AREAS OF REPRESENTATION
CONCERNING FOREIGN NATIONALS
Chapter 13
EMPLOYMENT OF ALIENS
§ 13-1. Introduction
§ 13-2. Consequences of Unauthorized Employment
§ 13-3. Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986
§ 13-4. Compliance with I‑9 Procedures
§ 13-4(a). Form I‑9
§ 13-4(b). INS Handbook
§ 13-4(c). Workers for Whom an I‑9 Must Be Completed
§ 13-4(c)(1). Workers Exempt from I‑9
§ 13-4(c)(1)(i). Independent Contractors
§ 13-4(c)(1)(ii). “Grandfathered” Employees and Breaks in Service
§ 13-4(d). Mechanics and Strategies of Completing Form I‑9
§ 13-4(e). When to Complete Form I‑9 and Check Documents
§ 13-4(f). Acceptability of Documents and Constructive Knowledge
§ 13-4(g). Whether to Copy Documents Presented
§ 13-4(h). Retention and Storage of I‑9 Forms and Document Copies
§ 13-4(i). Statute of Limitations and Successor Employers
§ 13-4(j). Agricultural Employers, Recruiters, and Referrers
§ 13-4(k). Anomalies
§ 13-4(l). Penalties
§ 13-4(m). Enforcement
§ 13-5. Obtaining Employment Authorization for an Alien
§ 13-5(a). Self-Authorizing Visa Classifications
§ 13-5(a)(1). Classifications
§ 13-5(a)(2). Documentation
§ 13-5(a)(3). Extensions of Stay and Work Authorization
§ 13-5(b). Unrestricted Authorization Incident to Status but Requiring Separate Documentation
§ 13-5(b)(1). Employment Authorization Documents
§ 13-5(b)(2). Types of Status and Corresponding Documents
§ 13-5(b)(3). Permanent Residents
§ 13-5(b)(4). Other Aliens Employment Authorized
§ 13-5(b)(4)(i). Application for Employment Authorization Document
§ 13-5(b)(4)(ii). Employment Authorization Pending Application
§ 13-5(b)(4)(iii). Late Adjudications of EAD Applications
§ 13-5(b)(4)(iv). Extension of Work Authorization
§ 13-5(c). Aliens Requiring Separate Employment Authorization
§ 13-5(c)(1). Application
§ 13-5(c)(2). Categories
§ 13-5(c)(2)(i). Readily Available Authorization
§ 13-5(c)(2)(ii). Spouses and Children of Certain Aliens
§ 13-5(c)(2)(iii). Certain Students
§ 13-5(c)(2)(iv). Certain B‑1 Aliens
§ 13-5(c)(2)(v). Economic Necessity
§ 13-5(c)(3). Termination of Work Authorization
§ 13-6. Employment Discrimination Relating to Aliens
§ 13-6(a). Race/National Origin
§ 13-6(b). Citizenship Status
§ 13-6(b)(1). Prohibited Employer Conduct
§ 13-6(b)(2). Protected Individuals
§ 13-6(b)(3). Standard of Proof
§ 13-6(b)(4). Enforcement
§ 13-6(b)(5). Remedies
§ 13-7. Other Employment-Related Rights of Aliens
§ 13-7(a). Unemployment Compensation
§ 13-7(b). Workers’ Compensation
§ 13-7(c). At-Will Employment
§ 13-7(d). Labor Law
Part VI
APPENDICES
Appendix A
ABBREVIATIONS USED IN IMMIGRATION PRACTICE
§ A‑1. Abbreviations
Appendix B
GOVERNMENT OFFICES, LAW & POLICY
§ B-1. Department of Homeland Security
§ B-1(a). Customer Service
§ B-1(b). Ports of Entry
§ B-1(c). Service Centers
§ B-1(d). District & Sub Offices
§ B-1(e). Overseas Offices
§ B-1(f). Asylum Offices
§ B-1(g). Administrative Appeals Office (AAO)
§ B-1(h). Interior Enforcement (ICE)
§ B-1(i). Customs
§ B-1(j). District Counsel (Immigration Court Matters)
§ B-1(k). Border Patrol Offices (CBP)
§ B-1(l). Detention Facilities
§ B-1(m). Application Support Centers
§ B-1(n). Legal Sources
§ B-2. U.S. Department of State
§ B-2(a). Consular Affairs
§ B-2(b). Passport Services
§ B-2(c). Revalidation Unit
§ B-2(d). Consulates
§ B-2(e). J-1 Program
§ B-2(f). J-1 Program Sponsors
§ B-2(g). J-1 Waivers
§ B-2(h). Visa Bulletin
§ B-2(i). Citizenship and Nationality
§ B-2(j). Legal Sources
§ B-3. Labor Departments (Federal and State)
§ B-3(a). State Workforce Agencies and DOL Regional Certifying Offices
§ B-3(b). Legal Sources
§ B-4. Department of Justice
§ B-4(a). EOIR/BIA
§ B-4(b). OCAHO
§ B-4(c). OSC (UIRP)
§ B-4(d). Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco & Firearms.www.atf.gov
§ B-5. Other Agencies
§ B-5(a). Department of Commerce
§ B-5(b). Department of Health and Human Services
§ B-5(b)(1). Centers for Disease Control
§ B-5(b)(2). DHHS Issues for Immigrants
§ B-5(c). Social Security Administration
§ B-5(d). Department of Treasury
§ B-5(d)(1). Internal Revenue Service
§ B-5(d)(2). Office of Foreign Assets Control
§ B-5(e). Equal Employment Opportunity Commission
§ B-5(f). White House
§ B-5(g). Selective Service System
§ B-5(h). U.S. Court of Appeal
§ B-6. Consulates and Country-Specific Information
Appendix C
FREQUENTLY USED GOVERNMENT FORMS AND SUGGESTIONS
FOR COMPLETING THEM
§ C‑1. Internet Locations (URLs) of Government Forms for Immigration
§ C-1(a). DHS (BCIS, BICE, BCBP) Forms
§ C-1(b). State Department Forms
§ C-1(c). Department of Labor Employment Training Administration Forms
§ C-1(d). Attorney General/EOIR/ATF Forms
§ C-1(e). Social Security Administration Forms
§ C-1(f). Treasury/IRS/OFAC Forms
§ C‑2. Form G‑28: Notice of Entry of Appearance as Attorney or Representative
§ C‑3. Form I‑129: Petition for a Nonimmigrant Worker
§ C‑4. Form DS‑156: Nonimmigrant Visa Application
§ C‑5. Form I‑539: Application to Extend/Change Nonimmigrant Status
§ C‑6. DOL Form ETA-9035
§ C‑7. Form ETA 750: Application for Alien Employment Certification
§ C‑8. Form I‑140: Immigrant Petition for Alien Worker
§ C‑9. Form DS-230 (Part I): Application for Immigrant Visa and Alien Registration
§ C‑10. Form DS-230 (Part II): Application for Immigrant Visa and Alien Registration
§ C‑11. Form I‑134: Affidavit of Support
§ C‑12. Form485: Application to Register Permanent Resident or Adjust Status
§ C‑13. Form AR-11: Alien’s Change of Address Card
Appendix D
MISCELLANEOUS FORMS, CHECKLISTS,
AND DOCUMENTS
§ D‑1. Other Useful Internet Links
§ D-1(a). Treaty Databases
§ D-1(b). Asylum and Pro Bono Resources
§ D-1(c). Health Care Case Resources
§ D-1(d). General Federal Resources and Legislation
§ D-1(e). Immigration Policy
§ D-1(f). Associations
§ D-1(g). Free Information from Publishers
§ D‑2. Form M‑378: Color Photograph Specifications
§ D‑3. State Department Photo Specifications (Passports & Visas)
§ D‑4. I-94W-Arrival/Departure Record—Instructions
§ D‑5. Form I-94W-Nonimmigrant Visa Waiver Arrival or Departure Form
§ D‑6. BCIS Service Center Filing Instructions
§ D‑7. AAU Checklist for Professional Status
§ D‑8. Service Providers for Immigration Practices
§ D-8(a). Credentials Evaluations
§ D-8(b). Immigration Bonds
§ D-8(c). Wage Analysts
§ D-8(d). Labor Certification Advertising Agencies
§ D-8(e). Translations
§ D-8(f). Forensic Psychology
§ D-8(g). Case/Forms Management
§ D‑9. Employer’s Workplace Posting for Labor Condition Application in H‑1B Case
§ D‑10. Employer’s “Actual Wage Statement” for LCA in H‑1B Case
§ D‑11. Sample Posting and Advertisement for Labor Certification
§ D‑12 Comparison of Factor-Oriented Tests for Immigration Status
§ D‑13. Visa Priority Dates for April 2004
§ D‑14. NVC Instructions for Immigration Visa Applicants
§ D‑15. Employment Support Letter
§ D‑16. Bank Support Letter
§ D‑17. Sample Caption in Removal Proceedings
Appendix E
INA/USC CONVERSION TABLE
§ E‑1. INA/USC Conversion Table
Note: The table lists parallel references from sections of the Immigration
and Nationality Act to the United States Code.________
Table of Cases
Table of Statutes
Index