Immigration Practice 2008-2009
Robert C. Divine
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ISBN-13: 978-1-57823-244-4
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DEALING WITH CLIENTS, GOVERNMENT AGENCIES AND THE LAW
Chapter 1
CLIENT CONTACTS AND PREPARATION OF FILINGS
§ 1‑1. Introduction.
§ 1‑2. Phone Calls.
§ 1‑3. First Interview.
§ 1‑4. Fee Arrangements.
§ 1‑5. Questionnaires.
§ 1‑6. Forms and Fees.
§ 1–6(a). Forms.
§ 1–6(a)(1). Availability of Forms.
§ 1-6(a)(2). Form Nomenclature and Versions.
§ 1-6(a)(3). Form Completion.
§ 1-6(b). Fees.
§ 1-6(c). Biometrics.
§ 1-6(d). Photographs.
§ 1‑7. Preparing Applications.
§ 1‑8. Documents.
§ 1‑9. File Organization.
§ 1‑10. Later Client Communications.
§ 1‑11. Interviews and Record Checks by Agencies.
Chapter 2
DEALING WITH AGENCIES
§ 2‑1. Introduction.
§ 2‑2. Department of Homeland Security and Department of Justice (formerly INS).
§ 2‑2(a). Department of Homeland Security.
§ 2-2(a)(1). U.S. Citizenship & Immigration Services.
§ 2‑2(a)(1)(A). District and Field Offices.
§ 2‑2(a)(1)(B). Service Centers.
§ 2-2(a)(1)(C). Application Support Centers.
§ 2-2(a)(1)(D). Asylum and Refugee Offices.
§ 2-2(a)(1)(E). Offices Overseas.
§ 2-2(a)(1)(F). Customer Service.
§ 2‑2(a)(1)(G). National Security and Records.
§ 2-2(a)(1)(H). Office of Citizenship.
§ 2-2(a)(1)(I). Administrative Reopening, Reconsideration, and Appeal.
§ 2‑2(a)(2). U.S. Customs & Immigration Enforcement (ICE).
§ 2‑2(a)(3). U.S. Customs & Border Protection (CBP).
§ 2-2(b). Department of Justice (DOJ).
§ 2‑2(b)(1). Executive Office of Immigration Review (EOIR).
§ 2-2(b)(1)(A). Office of the Chief Immigration Judge (OCIJ).
§ 2-2(b)(1)(B). Board of Immigration Appeals (BIA).
§ 2‑2(b)(1)(C). Office of Chief Administrative Hearings Officer (OCAHO).
§ 2‑3. Department of State.
§ 2‑3(a). Consulates.
§ 2‑3(b). Visa Office.
§ 2‑3(c). Passport Offices and BAR.
§ 2‑3(d). Services for U.S. Citizens and Residents Traveling Abroad.
§ 2‑3(e). J-1 Exchange Visitor Program Designation and Waivers.
§ 2‑4. Department of Labor.
§ 2‑4(a). Employment Training Administration.
§ 2‑4(b). Wage and Hour Division.
§ 2‑5. Other Agencies.
§ 2‑5(a). Department of Commerce.
§ 2‑5(b). Department of Treasury.
§ 2‑5(c). Social Security Administration.
§ 2‑5(d). Department of Health and Human Services.
§ 2‑6. Congressional Offices.
Chapter 3
REPRESENTATION BY ATTORNEYS AND NONPROFIT AGENCIES
§ 3‑1. Introduction.
§ 3‑2. Rules Concerning Representation.
§ 3‑3. Right to Representation.
§ 3‑4. Free Legal Service Providers.
§ 3‑5. Notice of Representation.
§ 3‑6. Dual Representation and Ethics.
§ 3‑7. Professional Support.
Chapter 4
REQUESTS FOR GOVERNMENT FILES
§ 4‑1. Introduction.
§ 4‑2. Department of Homeland Security.
§ 4‑3. State Department.
§ 4‑4. Department of Justice.
§ 4-5. Department of Labor.
Chapter 5
SOURCES OF LAW
§ 5‑1. Introduction.
§ 5‑2. Statutes.
§ 5‑3. Regulations.
§ 5‑4. Policy Statements, etc.
§ 5‑5. Administrative Cases.
§ 5‑6. Reading Rooms.
§ 5‑7. Other Current Sources.
§ 5‑8. Other Internet Sites.
Part II
THE IMMIGRATION PROCESS
Chapter 6
INTRODUCTION TO IMMIGRATION PROCEDURES
§ 6‑1. Introduction.
§ 6‑2. Nonimmigrant Status.
§ 6‑3. Obtaining Permanent Residence.
§ 6‑4. Maintaining Permanent Residence.
§ 6‑5. Removal for Inadmissibility and Deportability.
§ 6‑6. Naturalization and Citizenship.
§ 6‑7. Analogy.
Chapter 7
NONIMMIGRANT (TEMPORARY) VISAS AND STATUS: ACQUIRING, USING, EXTENDING, AND CHANGING THEM
§ 7‑1. Introduction.
§ 7‑2. USCIS Petitions.
§ 7‑2(a). Classifications Requiring USCIS Petitions.
§ 7‑2(b). Preliminary Filings and Procedures.
§ 7‑2(c). General I‑129 Filing Procedures.
§ 7‑2(d). Disposition of Petitions.
§ 7‑2(e). Multiple Locations, Employers, and Beneficiaries.
§ 7‑2(e)(1). Multiple Locations.
§ 7‑2(e)(2). Multiple Employers.
§ 7‑2(e)(3). Multiple Beneficiaries.
§ 7‑2(e)(4). L‑1 Differences.
§ 7‑2(e)(5). Filing of Petitions by Agents and Contractors (H, O, P).
§ 7‑2(f). Effect of Strikes and Dismissal.
§ 7‑2(g). Time Limitations and Extensions.
§ 7‑2(h). Changed Circumstances.
§ 7‑3. Nonimmigrant Visas.
§ 7‑3(a). Special Procedures for U.S. Citizens, Canadians and Commonwealth Nations (Easier) and Other Countries (Harder).
§ 7‑3(b). Place/Manner of Visa Application.
§ 7‑3(b)(1). In Person at Consulate Near Residence.
§ 7‑3(b)(2). By Mail.
§ 7‑3(b)(3). “Third-Country Processing.”
§ 7‑3(c). Eligibility.
§ 7‑3(c)(1). Choosing a Nonimmigrant Classification.
§ 7‑3(c)(2). Family Members.
§ 7‑3(c)(3). DOS Partial Deference to USCIS Petition Approvals.
§ 7‑3(c)(4). Nonimmigrant Intent.
§ 7‑3(c)(4)(i). “Home Abroad” Requirement.
§ 7‑3(c)(4)(ii). “Temporary” Requirement.
§ 7‑3(c)(4)(iii). Effect of Desire for or Steps Toward Permanent Residence.
§ 7‑3(c)(4)(iv). Documentation.
§ 7‑3(d). Application Package.
§ 7‑3(e). Application Procedure.
§ 7‑3(e)(1). Approval.
§ 7‑3(e)(2). Visa Validity.
§ 7‑3(e)(3). Expired Passports and Visa Transfers.
§ 7‑3(e)(4). Side Travel to Canada, Mexico and Adjacent Islands.
§ 7‑3(e)(5). Visa Refusals.
§ 7‑3(e)(6). Review of Refusals.
§ 7‑3(e)(6)(i). Reconsideration.
§ 7‑3(e)(6)(ii). Supervisory Review.
§ 7‑3(e)(6)(iii). New Consulate Application.
§ 7‑3(e)(6)(iv). Advisory Opinion.
§ 7‑3(e)(6)(v). Reapplication.
§ 7‑3(e)(6)(vi). Visa Office Complaint.
§ 7‑3(e)(6)(vii). Nonreviewability.
§ 7‑3(e)(6)(viii). Later Effect of Refusal.
§ 7‑3(e)(7). Visa Revocation/Cancellation/Reinstatement.
§ 7‑4. Admission, Parole, and Removal for Inadmissibility.
§ 7‑4(a). Inspection.
§ 7‑4(a)(1). Advance Inspection.
§ 7‑4(a)(2). Port Inspection.
§ 7‑4(a)(3). Documents and Biometrics.
§ 7‑4(a)(4). Secondary Inspection and Special Registration.
§ 7‑4(b). Admission.
§ 7‑4(c). Removal Before Admission.
§ 7‑4(c)(1). “Expedited Removal” Before Admission.
§ 7‑4(c)(2). Withdrawal of Application Before Removal Proceedings.
§ 7‑4(c)(3). Detention and Parole.
§ 7‑4(c)(4). Application for Asylum or Withholding of Removal.
§ 7‑4(c)(5). Withdrawal During Proceedings.
§ 7‑4(c)(6). Removal Proceedings: Entry.
§ 7‑4(c)(7). Waivers.
§ 7‑4(c)(8). Removal Notice.
§ 7‑4(c)(9). Hearing Procedures Concerning Inadmissibility.
§ 7‑4(c)(10). Removal Hearing Substance.
§ 7‑4(c)(11). Immigration Judge’s Decision: Admission or Removal.
§ 7‑4(c)(12). Appeals.
§ 7‑4(c)(13). Other Penalties.
§ 7‑4(d). Maintenance and Violation of Nonimmigrant Status.
§ 7‑5. Extensions and Change of Nonimmigrant Status.
§ 7‑5(a). Special Classifications.
§ 7‑5(b). The I‑129 Group.
§ 7‑5(b)(1). Extension of Stay.
§ 7‑5(b)(1)(i). Changed Circumstances of Employment.
§ 7‑5(b)(2). Change of Status.
§ 7‑5(c). The I‑539 Group.
§ 7‑5(d). General Eligibility and Timing.
§ 7‑5(e). Action on Change/Extension.
§ 7‑5(f). Denial of Change/Extension.
§ 7‑5(g). Approval of Change/Extension.
Chapter 8
PROCESSING TOWARD PERMANENT RESIDENCE
§ 8‑1. Introduction.
§ 8‑2. Paths to Substantive Eligibility.
§ 8‑3. Family-Based and Employment-Based Petitions.
§ 8‑3(a). Choosing Method of Processing.
§ 8‑3(b). Filing the Petition.
§ 8‑3(c). Petition Denials.
§ 8‑3(c)(1). Marriage Fraud.
§ 8‑3(d). Petition Approval.
§ 8‑3(e). Priority Dates, Visa Numbers and Backlogs.
§ 8‑3(f). Validity, Revocation and Conversion of Petitions.
§ 8‑4. Derivative Beneficiaries, Alternate Chargeability and Children.
§ 8‑4(a). Derivative Beneficiaries.
§ 8‑4(a)(1). Eligibility.
§ 8‑4(a)(2). Procedures.
§ 8‑4(b). Countries of “Chargeability.”
§ 8‑4(c). Derivative Status vs. Alternate Chargeability.
§ 8-4(d). “Child Status” and Protection.
§ 8‑5. Effect on Nonimmigrant Status.
§ 8‑6. Visa Processing vs. Adjustment of Status.
§ 8‑6(a). Comparison of Procedures.
§ 8‑6(b). Switching Processing Locations/Methods.
§ 8‑7. Adjustment of Status.
§ 8‑7(a). Various Uses of Adjustment.
§ 8‑7(b). Eligibility.
§ 8‑7(b)(1). Inspection and Admission or Parole.
§ 8‑7(b)(2). Continuous Lawful Status.
§ 8‑7(b)(2)(i). No Unauthorized Employment.
§ 8‑7(b)(2)(ii). Lawful Status Since Entry.
§ 8‑7(b)(2)(iii). Legal Status at Filing Time.
§ 8‑7(b)(3). Immediate Visa Availability.
§ 8‑7(b)(4). Admissibility.
§ 8‑7(b)(5). Expanded Eligibility, Penalty Fees, and Disqualifications.
§ 8-7(b)(6). Discretionary Denial.
§ 8‑7(c). Application Package.
§ 8‑7(d). Filing Procedures.
§ 8‑7(d)(1). Delays or Changes in Processing.
§ 8‑7(d)(2). Foreign Travel Restrictions.
§ 8‑7(d)(2)(i). Advance Parole Request.
§ 8‑7(d)(2)(ii). H & L Returns Without Advance Parole.
§ 8‑7(d)(3). Interview.
§ 8‑7(d)(4). Waiver of Interview.
§ 8‑7(e). Approval.
§ 8‑7(f). Denial.
§ 8‑7(g). Rescission.
§ 8‑8. Immigrant Visa Processing.
§ 8‑8(a). Eligibility and Choice.
§ 8‑8(b). General Procedures.
§ 8‑8(b)(1). NVC’s Initial Process in Standard Situation.
§ 8‑8(b)(2). Variations.
§ 8‑8(b)(3). Cable Notification/Advance Processing.
§ 8‑8(b)(4). Lottery Applicants.
§ 8‑8(c). Choosing a Consulate.
§ 8‑8(c)(1). Aliens Residing Abroad.
§ 8‑8(c)(2). Aliens in the U.S.
§ 8‑8(c)(3). “Third Countries.”
§ 8‑8(c)(4). Transfer of Consulates.
§ 8‑8(d). Packets and Processing.
§ 8‑8(d)(1). Instructions for Applicants.
§ 8‑8(d)(1)(i). Documentary Qualification.
§ 8‑8(d)(1)(ii). Police and Military Certificates.
§ 8‑8(d)(1)(iii). Limits on Immigrant Visa from Past Unlawful Presence.
§ 8‑8(d)(1)(iv). NCIC Criminal Record Checks and Fingerprints.
§ 8‑8(d)(2). Appointment Notice.
§ 8‑8(d)(2)(i). Medical Examinations.
§ 8‑8(d)(2)(ii). Interview.
§ 8‑8(d)(3). Derivative Beneficiaries.
§ 8‑8(e). Action on Application.
§ 8‑8(e)(1). Visa Numbers.
§ 8‑8(e)(2). Approval of Visa.
§ 8‑8(e)(3). Termination of Registration.
§ 8‑8(e)(4). Proceedings at Port of Entry.
§ 8‑8(e)(4)(i). Documents.
§ 8‑8(e)(4)(ii). Removal for Inadmissibility.
§ 8‑8(e)(4)(iii). Admission.
Chapter 9
MAINTAINING PERMANENT RESIDENCE STATUS
§ 9‑1. Obtaining, Carrying and Replacing I‑551.
§ 9‑1(a). Obtaining I‑551.
§ 9‑1(b). “Replacing” and “Renewing” I‑551.
§ 9‑1(c). Procedures.
§ 9‑1(d). Application Package.
§ 9‑2. Rights and Restrictions.
§ 9‑2(a). Rights of Permanent Residents.
§ 9‑2(b). Loss of Permanent Residence Status.
§ 9‑2(c). Foreign Travel for Permanent Residents.
§ 9‑2(c)(1). Generally.
§ 9‑2(c)(2). Removal of Returning Permanent Residents.
§ 9‑2(c)(2)(i). Seeking Admission vs. Avoiding Removal.
§ 9‑2(c)(2)(ii). Waivers for Inadmissibility and Deportability.
§ 9‑2(c)(2)(iii). Removal Proceedings for Inadmissibility.
§ 9‑2(c)(3). Abandonment.
§ 9‑2(c)(3)(i). Effect of Abandonment Finding.
§ 9‑2(c)(3)(ii). Lifting “Green Cards.”
§ 9‑2(c)(3)(iii). Renunciation.
§ 9‑2(c)(3)(iv). New Immigrant Visa Processing.
§ 9‑2(c)(4). Reentry Permits.
§ 9‑2(c)(4)(i). For Extended Absences.
§ 9‑2(c)(4)(ii). Passport Purposes.
§ 9‑2(c)(4)(iii). Application Package.
§ 9‑2(c)(5). Other Documentary Requirements for Entry.
§ 9‑2(c)(5)(i). Returning Resident Visas.
§ 9‑2(c)(5)(ii). Immigrant Visa Waivers.
§ 9‑2(c)(6). Alien Commuters.
§ 9‑2(c)(7). Re-Immigrating.
Chapter 10
INADMISSIBILITY AND DEPORTABILITY GROUNDS AND THEIR WAIVER
§ 10‑1. Introduction.
§ 10‑2. Procedures.
§ 10-2(a). Record Checks for Inadmissibility.
§ 10-2(b). Removing Oneself from the Lookout System.
§ 10‑3. Variations.
§ 10‑4. Effective Dates of Revisions.
§ 10‑5. Waivers and Exceptions.
§ 10‑6. Specific Inadmissibility and Deportability Grounds.
§ 10‑6(a). Health-Related Grounds.
§ 10‑6(b). Criminal and Related Grounds.
§ 10‑6(b)(1). Grounds.
§ 10‑6(b)(1)(i). Crimes of Moral Turpitude.
§ 10‑6(b)(1)(ii). Crimes of Violence.
§ 10‑6(b)(1)(iii). Multiple Criminal Convictions.
§ 10‑6(b)(1)(iv). Controlled Substance Violations.
§ 10‑6(b)(1)(v). Controlled Substance Traffickers.
§ 10‑6(b)(1)(vi). Aggravated Felonies.
§ 10‑6(b)(1)(vii). Firearms Offenses.
§ 10‑6(b)(1)(viii). Miscellaneous Crimes.
§ 10‑6(b)(1)(ix). Domestic Crimes.
§ 10‑6(b)(1)(x). AEDPA Crimes and Effect.
§ 10‑6(b)(2). Immigration Strategies Concerning Crimes.
§ 10‑6(b)(2)(i). Determining Conviction and Penalty.
§ 10‑6(b)(2)(ii). Foreign Convictions.
§ 10‑6(b)(2)(iii). Juvenile Convictions.
§ 10‑6(b)(2)(iv). Finality of Conviction.
§ 10‑6(b)(2)(v). Admission of Crimes.
§ 10‑6(b)(2)(vi). Eliminating Convictions.
§ 10‑6(b)(2)(vii). Plea Bargaining for DHS Restraint.
§ 10‑6(b)(3). Waivers of Criminal Inadmissibility.
§ 10‑6(c). Security and Related Grounds.
§ 10‑6(d). Public Charge.
§ 10‑6(d)(1). Inadmissibility Ground in General.
§ 10‑6(d)(2). Family-Based Sponsorship Using Form I-864.
§ 10‑6(d)(3). Deportability Ground.
§ 10‑6(e). Labor Certification, Foreign Medical Graduates and Certifications for Health Care Workers.
§ 10‑6(f). Immigration Violators.
§ 10‑6(g). Misrepresentation and Non-registration.
§ 10‑6(h). Stowaways.
§ 10‑6(i). Smugglers.
§ 10‑6(j). Documentation Requirements.
§ 10‑6(k). Avoiding U.S. Military Service.
§ 10‑6(l). Miscellaneous Inadmissibility Grounds.
§ 10‑6(m). Miscellaneous Deportability Grounds.
§ 10‑6(n). Unlawful Voting.
§ 10‑7. Waivers of Inadmissibility and Deportability Grounds.
§ 10‑7(a). Generalized Waivers.
§ 10‑7(a)(1). Section 212(d)(3) Waivers for Nonimmigrants.
§ 10‑7(a)(2). Cancellation of Removal.
§ 10‑7(b). Specific Waivers.
§ 10‑7(b)(1). Section 212(g) Medical Waivers.
§ 10‑7(b)(2). Section 212(h) Criminal Inadmissibility and Section 212(i) Misrepresentation Waivers.
§ 10‑7(b)(3). “Waiver” of the Post-Removal Bar.
§ 10‑7(b)(4). Documentation Waivers.
§ 10‑7(b)(5). J Two-Year Foreign Residency Waivers.
§ 10‑7(b)(6). Refugee Waivers.
§ 10‑7(b)(7). Deportability Waivers.
§ 10‑7(c). Parole.
Chapter 11
REMOVAL PROCEEDINGS AND RELIEF FROM THEM
§ 11‑1. Introduction.
§ 11‑2. Key Points.
§ 11‑3. Pre-hearing Proceedings and Relief.
§ 11‑3(a). Issuance of Notice to Appear (NTA).
§ 11‑3(b). Service of NTA and Response with Address.
§ 11‑3(c). Filing NTA with Immigration Judge and Hearing Notices.
§ 11‑3(d). In Absentia Hearings and Orders.
§ 11‑3(e). Attorney Representation.
§ 11‑3(f). Arrest, Detention, and Detainer.
§ 11‑3(g). Special Procedures for Criminal Aliens.
§ 11‑3(h). Pre-Removal Remedies (Prosecutorial Restraint).
§ 11‑3(h)(1). Informal Discretion.
§ 11‑3(h)(2). Deferred Action.
§ 11‑3(h)(3). Administrative Voluntary Departure.
§ 11‑4. Removal Hearings.
§ 11‑4(a). Scheduling, Mechanics, and Motions.
§ 11‑4(b). Master Calendar Hearing: Alien’s Response and Requests for Relief.
§ 11‑4(c). Place, Time, and Manner of Hearings.
§ 11‑4(d). Evidence.
§ 11‑4(e). Burdens of Proof.
§ 11‑4(f). Defenses and Strategies.
§ 11‑4(g). Juveniles and Incompetents in Removal Proceedings.
§ 11‑4(h). Administrative Removal of Non-Permanent or Conditional Resident
Aggravated Felons.
§ 11‑4(i). Judicial Removal.
§ 11‑5. Relief from Removal.
§ 11‑5(a). General Limitations on Relief.
§ 11‑5(b). Departure Before (or After) Removal Hearing.
§ 11‑5(c). Administrative Closure or Continuance.
§ 11‑5(d). Adjustment of Status.
§ 11‑5(e). Registry.
§ 11‑5(f). Cancellation of Removal and Adjustment of Status.
§ 11‑5(g). Waiver of Deportability Grounds.
§ 11‑5(h). Asylum, Withholding of Removal, CAT, Temporary Protected Status, and Parole.
§ 11‑5(i). Voluntary Departure.
§ 11‑5(j). Private Bills.
§ 11‑5(k). Good Moral Character.
§ 11‑5(l). Factors for Discretionary Relief.
§ 11‑5(m). Extreme Hardship.
§ 11‑6. Decision and Appeal.
§ 11-6(a). BIA Appeals.
§ 11.6(b). Judicial Review.
§ 11‑7. Motions to Reopen/Reconsider.
§ 11‑8. Execution of Removal Order.
§ 11‑8(a). District Director’s Stay of Removal.
§ 11‑8(b). Permission to Reapply for Admission.
§ 11‑9. Proceedings Commenced before April 1, 1997.
Chapter 12
CITIZENSHIP
§ 12‑1. Introduction.
§ 12‑2. Rights of Citizenship.
§ 12‑3. Acquisition of Citizenship.
§ 12‑3(a). Birth in the U.S.
§ 12‑3(a)(1). Nationals and Compact State Citizens.
§ 12‑3(b). Birth Abroad.
§ 12‑3(b)(1). Evolved Requirements.
§ 12‑3(b)(2). Present Requirements.
§ 12‑3(b)(3). Documentation of Citizenship.
§ 12‑3(c). Naturalization.
§ 12‑3(c)(1). Procedures.
§ 12‑3(c)(1)(i). Filing and Transfer.
§ 12‑3(c)(1)(ii). Examination and Delay.
§ 12‑3(c)(1)(iii). Oath Ceremony.
§ 12‑3(c)(1)(iv). Denial and Appeal.
§ 12‑3(c)(2). Application Package.
§ 12‑3(c)(3). Eligibility.
§ 12‑3(c)(3)(i). Permanent Residence.
§ 12‑3(c)(3)(ii). Residence and Physical Presence, and Applications to Preserve Residence for Naturalization.
§ 12‑3(c)(3)(iii). Good Moral Character.
§ 12‑3(c)(3)(iv). Attached and Well-Disposed.
§ 12‑3(c)(3)(v). Age.
§ 12‑3(c)(3)(vi). English Literacy and Knowledge of History and Government.
§ 12‑3(c)(3)(vii). Exclusions from Naturalization.
§ 12‑3(c)(3)(viii). Special Classes.
§ 12‑3(d). Automatic Citizenship and Certificates for Children.
§ 12‑3(d)(1). Automatic Citizenship.
§ 12‑3(d)(2). Certificates of Citizenship.
§ 12‑3(d)(3). Prior Law Still Effective.
§ 12‑4. Procedures Concerning Citizenship.
§ 12‑4(a). U.S. Passport Applications.
§ 12‑4(b). Certificates of Citizenship Applications.
§ 12‑4(c). Other Citizenship-Related Applications.
§ 12‑4(d). Effect, Replacement, and Cancellation of Citizenship Documents.
§ 12‑5. Loss of Citizenship.
§ 12‑5(a). Revocation of Naturalization.
§ 12‑5(b). Other Revocations.
§ 12‑5(c). Expatriation.
§ 12‑5(c)(1). Expatriating Acts.
§ 12‑5(c)(2). Defenses.
§ 12‑5(c)(3). Circumstances and Procedures.
§ 12‑5(c)(3)(i). State Department Proceedings.
§ 12‑5(c)(3)(ii). DHS Proceedings.
§ 12‑5(c)(3)(iii). Conflict of Jurisdiction.
§ 12‑5(c)(3)(iv). Retroactive Restoration of Citizenship.
Part III
PATHS TO PERMANENT RESIDENCE
Chapter 13
“LOTTERIES” FOR PERMANENT RESIDENCE
§ 13‑1. Introduction.
§ 13‑2. Permanent Diversity Program.
§ 13‑2(a). Chargeability Rules for “Native” Country.
§ 13‑2(b). Eligible Countries.
§ 13‑2(c). Education/Work Experience Requirement.
§ 13‑2(d). Procedures.
§ 13‑2(e). Application, Envelope, and Mailing.
§ 13‑2(f). Effect of Unsuccessful Application.
Chapter 14
FAMILY-BASED AVENUES TO PERMANENT RESIDENCE
§ 14‑1. Introduction.
§ 14‑2. Family-Based Immigration Petitions.
§ 14‑3. General Analysis.
§ 14‑4. Relationship Categories and Backlogs.
§ 14‑5. Procedures.
§ 14‑5(a). Where to File.
§ 14‑5(b). Priority Dates.
§ 14‑5(c). Petition Packages.
§ 14‑6. Proving Petitioner Is a USC or LPR.
§ 14‑7. Proving the Qualifying Relationship.
§ 14‑7(a). Spousal Relationship.
§ 14‑7(a)(1). Procedural Alternatives.
§ 14‑7(a)(2). Definition and Validity.
§ 14‑7(a)(2)(i). Prior Marriages.
§ 14‑7(a)(2)(ii). Troubles, Separation, and Abuse.
§ 14‑7(a)(3). Documentation.
§ 14‑7(a)(4). K Petitions for Fiancé(e) or Spouse.
§ 14‑7(a)(5). Obstacles to Marriage Fraud.
§ 14‑7(a)(5)(i). Conditional Permanent Residence.
§ 14‑7(a)(5)(ii). Limits on Filings and Adjustment.
§ 14‑7(a)(5)(iii). Marriage During “Proceedings.”
§ 14‑7(a)(5)(iv). Miscellaneous IMFA Matters.
§ 14‑7(a)(5)(v). Fraudulent Marriages.
§ 14‑7(a)(6). Widow(er)s of U.S. Citizens.
§ 14‑7(b). Parent-Child Relationships.
§ 14‑7(b)(1). “Unmarried.”
§ 14‑7(b)(2). “Under 21.”
§ 14‑7(b)(3). Nature and Documentation of Relationship.
§ 14‑7(b)(4). Orphan Petitions.
§ 14‑7(b)(4)(i). Adoptive Parents’ Eligibility.
§ 14‑7(b)(4)(ii). Child’s Eligibility.
§ 14‑7(b)(5). Hague Convention Adoptees.
§ 14‑7(c). Sibling Relationships.
§ 14‑7(d). Conversion and Survival of Family Categories.
§ 14‑8. Amerasian Petitions.
§ 14‑9. Relatives of Legalized Aliens.
§ 14‑9(a). Temporary Family Unity Program.
§ 14‑9(b). Permanent Residence Visa Numbers (“LB” Category).
§ 14‑10. Derivative Beneficiaries.
§ 14‑11. Example Strategies.
§ 14‑12. Family-Based Nonimmigrant Status.
§ 14‑12(a). N Nonimmigrants.
§ 14‑12(b). Family 2A Spouse and Children (“V”).
§ 14-13. Special Immigrant Juveniles.
Chapter 15
EMPLOYMENT-BASED AVENUES TO PERMANENT RESIDENCE
§ 15‑1. Introduction.
§ 15‑1(a). Categories and Allocations.
§ 15‑1(b). Visa Waiting Lists.
§ 15‑1(c). Job Offers and Labor Certifications.
§ 15‑1(d). Licensure.
§ 15‑1(e). Job Duration.
§ 15‑1(f). Procedures.
§ 15‑1(g). Who May Petition.
§ 15‑1(h). Change of Employers.
§ 15‑1(i). Changes in Ownership/Name of Employer.
§ 15‑1(j). Transition to 1990 Act.
§ 15‑1(k). Basic Petition Package.
§ 15‑1(l). Ability to Pay Wage.
§ 15‑1(m). Qualifications Required by Job and Held by Alien.
§ 15‑2. Categories.
§ 15‑2(a). First Preference.
§ 15‑2(a)(1). Aliens with Extraordinary Ability.
§ 15‑2(a)(2). Outstanding Professors and Researchers.
§ 15‑2(a)(2)(i). Multiple Criteria Eligibility Tests.
§ 15‑2(a)(3). Multinational Executives and Managers.
§ 15‑2(b). Second Preference.
§ 15‑2(b)(1). National Interest Waiver of Job-Offer Requirement.
§ 15‑2(b)(2). Professionals with Advanced Degrees.
§ 15‑2(b)(3). Aliens of Exceptional Ability in the Sciences, Arts, or Business.
§ 15‑2(b)(3)(i). DHS Rules.
§ 15‑2(b)(3)(ii). DOL’s Schedule A Group II Labor Certification Exemption.
§ 15‑2(b)(3)(iii). Special Handling for College and University Teachers.
§ 15‑2(c). Third Preference.
§ 15‑2(c)(1). Professionals.
§ 15‑2(c)(2). Skilled Workers.
§ 15‑2(c)(2)(i). DOL’s Schedule A Group I for Nurses and Physical Therapists.
§ 15‑2(c)(3). Other Workers.
§ 15‑2(d). Strategic Issues for the First, Second, and Third Preferences.
§ 15‑2(d)(1). Comparative Analysis Framework.
§ 15‑2(d)(2). Comparing Factor-Oriented Categories.
§ 15‑2(d)(3). Multiple Filings.
§ 15‑2(d)(4). Professionals, H‑1B, Labor Certification, and Preferences.
§ 15‑2(e). Fourth Preference for Special Immigrants, Including Religious Workers.
§ 15‑2(f). Fifth Preference for Investors.
§ 15‑2(f)(1). Procedures.
§ 15‑2(f)(2). Petition Package.
§ 15‑2(f)(3). Supporting Evidence Issues.
§ 15‑2(f)(3)(i). New Commercial Enterprise.
§ 15‑2(f)(3)(ii). Required Amount of Capital.
§ 15‑2(f)(3)(iii). Lawful Means.
§ 15‑2(f)(3)(iv). Ten Full-Time Positions for Qualifying Employees.
§ 15‑2(f)(3)(v). Management by Investor.
§ 15‑2(f)(3)(vi). Multiple Investors.
§ 15‑2(f)(4). Conditional Status and Fraud Provisions.
§ 15‑2(f)(5). Pilot Program for Indirect Employment Creation.
§ 15‑3. The Labor Certification Process.
§ 15‑3(a). Statute, Regulations, and Guidelines.
§ 15‑3(b). Procedures Overview.
§ 15‑3(c). Preparing the Application Package.
§ 15‑3(c)(1). Preparing to File PERM.
§ 15‑3(c)(2). Nature of the Employment.
§ 15‑3(c)(3). Bona Fide Job Opportunity.
§ 15‑3(c)(4). What to Pay (“Prevailing Wage”).
§ 15‑3(c)(5). Describing the Job Duties and Requirements.
§ 15‑3(c)(6). Effect on “Preference” Category.
§ 15‑3(c)(7). Articulation.
§ 15‑3(c)(8). DOL Publications.
§ 15‑3(c)(9). Licensing.
§ 15‑3(c)(10). Other Drafting Considerations.
§ 15‑3(c)(11). Alien’s Credentials.
§ 15‑3(c)(12). Timing of Credentials.
§ 15‑3(c)(13). Business Necessity.
§ 15‑3(d). Steps Leading Up to Filing Application.
§ 15‑3(d)(1). Prevailing Wage Determination Request.
§ 15‑3(d)(2). Job Order.
§ 15‑3(d)(3). Advertisement.
§ 15‑3(d)(4). Posting.
§ 15‑3(d)(5). Other Recruitment.
§ 15‑3(d)(6). Receipt and Review of Résumés.
§ 15‑3(d)(7). Conducting Interviews.
§ 15‑3(d)(8). Recruitment Report.
§ 15‑3(d)(9). Legitimate Reasons for Rejections.
§ 15‑3(e). DOL Adjudication or Audit.
§ 15‑3(f). Reconsideration and/or Appeals.
§ 15‑3(g). New Applications.
§ 15‑3(h). Special Procedures for Certain Occupations.
§ 15‑3(h)(1). Schedule A Occupations.
§ 15‑3(h)(2). “Special Handling” Procedures: Most Qualified.
College and University Teachers.
§ 15‑3(h)(3). Sheepherders.
§ 15‑3(h)(4). DOL Pilot Program.
§ 15‑3(h)(5). Live-In Workers.
§ 15‑3(i). Issues Arising After Certification.
§ 15‑3(i)(1). Validity of Certification.
§ 15‑3(i)(2). Amendments to Certification.
§ 15‑3(i)(3). Change of Ownership, Employer, or Alien.
§ 15‑3(i)(4). Relocation of Work.
§ 15‑3(i)(5). Changes in Salary and/or Duties.
Chapter 16
IMMIGRATION TO AVOID PERSECUTION AND CHAOS
§ 16‑1. Introduction.
§ 16‑2. Refugee Program.
§ 16‑2(a). Procedures.
§ 16‑2(b). Application for Refugee Status.
§ 16‑2(c). Eligibility.
§ 16‑2(d). Spouse and Children, and Other Family Members.
§ 16‑2(e). Documentation, Work, and Travel.
§ 16‑3. Asylum and Withholding of Removal.
§ 16‑3(a). Procedures.
§ 16‑3(a)(1). No Proceedings.
§ 16‑3(a)(1)(i). Scheduling.
§ 16‑3(a)(1)(ii). Interview.
§ 16‑3(a)(1)(iii). Asylum Officer’s Disposition.
§ 16‑3(a)(1)(iv). Special Rules for Certain Aliens.
§ 16‑3(a)(2). In or After Proceedings.
§ 16‑3(b). Application Package.
§ 16‑3(c). Work Authorization.
§ 16‑3(d). Approval and Revocation.
§ 16‑3(e). Adjustment of Status.
§ 16‑3(f). Spouse and Children.
§ 16‑4. Substantive Standards for Refugee, Asylum, and Withholding Applications.
§ 16‑4(a). Primary Standard: Persecution.
§ 16‑4(a)(1). Supreme Court Rulings.
§ 16‑4(a)(2). Regulations.
§ 16‑4(a)(3). Other Issues.
§ 16‑4(a)(4). Evidence and Credibility.
§ 16‑4(b). Firm Resettlement.
§ 16‑4(c). Mandatory Denial Grounds.
§ 16‑4(d). Applicable Inadmissibility Grounds.
§ 16‑4(e). Discretionary Denial of Asylum.
§ 16‑5. Convention Against Torture.
§ 16‑6. Parole.
§ 16‑7. Provisions Affecting Persons From Certain Countries.
§ 16‑7(a). Temporary Protected Status.
§ 16‑7(a)(1). Countries and Designation Periods.
§ 16‑7(a)(2). Eligibility.
§ 16‑7(a)(3). Time to Register/Apply.
§ 16‑7(a)(4). Application Package.
§ 16‑7(a)(5). Procedures.
§ 16‑7(a)(6). Effect of TPS Approval.
§ 16‑7(a)(7). Termination of Country’s Designation.
§ 16‑7(b). Lautenberg Amendment and Other Provisions for Soviets, Vietnamese, Laotians, and Cambodians.
§ 16‑7(c). Chinese Student Protection Act.
§ 16‑7(d). Adjustment of Certain Polish and Hungarian Parolees.
§ 16‑7(e). Cuban, Nicaraguan, and Haitian Adjustment Acts.
§ 16‑7(f). Suspension/Cancellation for Guatemalans, Salvadorans, and Certain Former Soviet Bloc Countries (NACARA).
Part IV
CLASSIFICATIONS FORTEMPORARY STATUS, AND COMPARATIVE PERMANENT OPPORTUNITIES
Chapter 17
TEMPORARY EMPLOYMENT-BASED CLASSIFICATIONS (AND INDUSTRY-SPECIFIC PERMANENT RESIDENCE MATTERS)
§ 17‑1. Introduction.
§ 17‑2. Historical Perspective.
§ 17‑3. Workers for Businesses with International Connections.
§ 17‑3(a). Treaty Traders and Investors and Their Employees (E‑1, E‑2).
§ 17‑3(a)(1). General Eligibility.
§ 17‑3(a)(2). Strategies.
§ 17‑3(a)(3). Procedures.
§ 17‑3(a)(4). Application/Petition Package.
§ 17‑3(a)(5). Specific Requirements.
§ 17‑3(a)(5)(i). Applicable Treaty.
§ 17‑3(a)(5)(ii). Nationality of Alien and Employer.
§ 17‑3(a)(5)(iii). Qualifying Positions.
§ 17‑3(a)(5)(iv). “Substantial” Trade or Investment.
§ 17‑3(a)(6). Spouse and Children.
§ 17‑3(b). Multinational Businesses: Executives, Managers, and Specialized Knowledge Workers (Temporary L‑1 and Permanent “Priority Workers”).
§ 17‑3(b)(1). Statutory Provisions.
§ 17‑3(b)(2). L‑1 and “Priority” Distinguished.
§ 17‑3(b)(3). Procedures.
§ 17‑3(b)(3)(i). “Priority” (Permanent) Residence.
§ 17‑3(b)(3)(ii). L‑1 (Temporary).
§ 17‑3(b)(4). Petition Packages.
§ 17‑3(b)(4)(i). L‑1 (Temporary).
§ 17‑3(b)(4)(ii). “Priority” (Permanent).
§ 17‑3(b)(5). Specific Definitions and Requirements.
§ 17‑3(b)(5)(i). Qualifying Organizations.
§ 17‑3(b)(5)(ii). Managerial, Executive, and Specialized Knowledge Capacity.
§ 17‑3(b)(5)(iii). One-Year Employment Abroad.
§ 17‑3(b)(6). Special Problem: New U.S. Businesses.
§ 17‑3(b)(7). Special Opportunity: Blanket L‑1 Petitions.
§ 17‑3(c). Permanent Residence Opportunities.
§ 17‑3(d). Special Reporting Required for Foreign Businesses and Their Representatives.
§ 17‑4. Workers for Any U.S. Business: Extraordinary Ability Aliens, Professionals, and Workers in Short Supply.
§ 17‑4(a). Extraordinary Ability Aliens (O‑1).
§ 17‑4(a)(1). Eligibility and Petition Package.
§ 17‑4(a)(2). Procedures.
§ 17‑4(a)(3). Advisory Opinion.
§ 17‑4(a)(4). Strategic Considerations.
§ 17‑4(b). “Specialty Occupations” (H‑1B).
§ 17‑4(b)(1). Preliminary Considerations.
§ 17‑4(b)(2). Statutory Provisions.
§ 17‑4(b)(3). Procedures.
§ 17‑4(b)(4). USCIS Petition Package.
§ 17‑4(b)(4)(i). Professional Nature of the Position.
§ 17‑4(b)(4)(ii). Professional Qualifications of the Alien.
§ 17‑4(b)(4)(iii). H‑1B Cap, Max, and Portability.
§ 17‑4(b)(4)(iv). Chile and Singapore Treaties, and E-3 for Australian Nationals.
§ 17‑4(b)(5). Labor Condition Application.
§ 17‑4(b)(5)(i). Mechanics.
§ 17‑4(b)(5)(i)(1). Completing Form ETA 9035.
§ 17‑4(b)(5)(i)(2). Validity Period and Updates.
§ 17‑4(b)(5)(i)(3). Employer’s “Labor Condition Statements.”
§ 17‑4(b)(5)(ii). Complaints, Investigations, and Penalties.
§ 17‑4(b)(5)(iii). H‑1B “Dependent” Employers.
§ 17‑4(c). NAFTA for Canadians and Mexicans.
§ 17‑4(c)(1). Business Visitors.
§ 17‑4(c)(1)(i). Listed Occupations and Professions.
§ 17‑4(c)(1)(ii). Procedures.
§ 17‑4(c)(1)(iii). Application Package.
§ 17‑4(c)(2). Professionals (TN).
§ 17‑4(c)(2)(i). Professions Included.
§ 17‑4(c)(2)(ii). Procedures.
§ 17‑4(c)(2)(iii). Canadian Application Package.
§ 17‑4(d). Workers in Short Supply for Temporary Positions (H‑2B).
§ 17‑4(d)(1). Temporary Nature of Position.
§ 17‑4(d)(2). Labor-Certification Requirement.
§ 17‑4(d)(2)(i). Procedures.
§ 17‑4(d)(2)(ii). Temporary Labor-Certification Application Package.
§ 17‑4(d)(3). H‑2B Petition Package.
§ 17‑5. Workers in Specific Industries.
§ 17‑5(a). Athletes and Performing Artists.
§ 17‑5(a)(1). B Visitor Status.
§ 17‑5(a)(2). O&P Status: The Statute.
§ 17‑5(a)(2)(i). General Procedures.
§ 17‑5(a)(2)(ii). Categories and Petition Packages.
§ 17‑5(a)(2)(iii). Consultations.
§ 17‑5(a)(2)(iv). Petitioners and Multiple Beneficiaries.
§ 17‑5(a)(2)(v). Period of Stay.
§ 17‑5(a)(2)(vi). Return Transportation Requirement.
§ 17‑5(a)(3). Permanent Residence for Athletes and Performing Artists.
§ 17‑5(b). Religious Workers.
§ 17‑5(b)(1). The Statute.
§ 17‑5(b)(2). Petition/Application Procedures.
§ 17‑5(b)(2)(i). Immigrants.
§ 17‑5(b)(2)(ii). Nonimmigrants.
§ 17‑5(b)(3). Supporting Documents/Issues.
§ 17‑5(b)(3)(i). Nature of Religious Organization.
§ 17‑5(b)(3)(ii). Alien’s Previous Relationship and Work.
§ 17‑5(b)(3)(iii). Nature of the Position.
§ 17‑5(b)(3)(iv). Remuneration of Alien.
§ 17‑5(b)(4). Other Options for Religious Workers.
§ 17‑5(b)(4)(i). Alternatives for Immigrant Religious Workers.
§ 17‑5(b)(4)(ii). Alternatives for Nonimmigrant Religious Workers.
§ 17‑5(c). Medical Professionals.
§ 17‑5(c)(1). Physicians.
§ 17‑5(c)(1)(i). General Considerations.
§ 17‑5(c)(1)(ii). Nonimmigrant Classifications.
§ 17‑5(c)(1)(iii). Permanent Residence for Physicians.
§ 17‑5(c)(2). Nurses.
§ 17‑5(c)(2)(i). General Credentials: Degree, Exam, and Licensing.
§ 17‑5(c)(2)(ii). Nonimmigrant Classifications for Registered Nurses.
§ 17‑5(c)(2)(iii). Permanent Residence for “Professional Nurses.”
§ 17‑5(c)(3). Other Health Care Workers.
§ 17-5(c)(4). Special Certification Required of Non-Physician Health Care Workers.
§ 17‑5(d). Educators, Researchers, and Scholars.
§ 17‑5(d)(1). Immigrant Options.
§ 17‑5(d)(2). Nonimmigrant Options.
§ 17‑5(d)(2)(i). General Classifications.
§ 17‑5(d)(2)(ii). J‑1 Categories.
§ 17‑5(e). Agricultural Workers.
§ 17‑5(e)(1). H‑2A Temporary Workers.
§ 17‑5(e)(1)(i). “Temporary or Seasonal” Requirement.
§ 17‑5(e)(1)(ii). Agricultural Work Requirement.
§ 17‑5(e)(1)(iii). Labor Certification.
§ 17‑5(e)(1)(iv). Petition to USCIS.
§ 17‑5(e)(1)(v). Conditions/ “Assurances.”
§ 17‑5(f). Crewmen and Longshore Workers.
§ 17‑5(f)(1). Issues Not Covered Here.
§ 17‑5(f)(2). Nonimmigrant Classifications Available.
§ 17‑5(f)(2)(i). B Visitors.
§ 17‑5(f)(2)(ii). C‑1 and TWOV Transits.
§ 17‑5(f)(2)(iii). D Crewmen.
§ 17‑5(f)(2)(iv). Other Classifications.
§ 17‑5(f)(3). Parole.
§ 17‑5(f)(4). Permanent Residence.
§ 17‑5(g). Information Media Workers.
§ 17‑5(h). Foreign and Multinational Governmental Officials.
§ 17‑5(h)(1). Nonimmigrants (A, C, G and NATO).
§ 17‑5(h)(1)(i). Principal Aliens.
§ 17‑5(h)(1)(ii). Attendants, Servants, and Personal Employees.
§ 17‑5(h)(1)(iii). Immediate Family Members.
§ 17‑5(h)(1)(iv). Special Rules of Admissibility and Deportability.
§ 17‑5(h)(1)(v). Procedures.
§ 17‑5(h)(1)(vi). “Diplomatic” and “Official” Visas.
§ 17‑5(h)(2). Permanent Residence Opportunities.
§ 17‑5(h)(3). Citizenship of Diplomats’ Children Born in the U.S.
§ 17‑6. Government Informants and Victims.
Chapter 18
VISITORS, STUDENTS, AND TRAINEES
§ 18‑1. Introduction.
§ 18‑2. Summary of Classifications.
§ 18‑3. Visitors.
§ 18‑3(a). B‑1/B‑2 Visitors.
§ 18‑3(a)(1). General Procedures and Requirements.
§ 18‑3(a)(2). Allowable Activities and Time Periods for Visitors.
§ 18‑3(a)(2)(i). B‑2 Visitors for Pleasure.
§ 18‑3(a)(2)(ii). B‑1 Visitors for Business.
§ 18‑3(b). Other Arrangements for Visitors.
§ 18‑3(b)(1). North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA).
§ 18‑3(b)(2). Visa Waiver Program.
§ 18‑3(b)(2)(i). Countries Designated.
§ 18‑3(b)(2)(ii). Individual Eligibility.
§ 18‑3(b)(2)(iii). Procedures.
§ 18‑3(b)(2)(iv). Medical Treatment Voluntary Departure.
§ 18‑3(b)(3). Visa Waiver for Guam.
§ 18‑3(b)(4). C‑1 Transits and Transit Without Visa (TWOV).
§ 18‑3(b)(5). Border-Crossing Cards for Canadians and Mexicans.
§ 18‑3(b)(6). Other Visa Waivers.
§ 18‑4. Students and SEVIS.
§ 18‑4(a). Accompanying Aliens in Other Classifications.
§ 18‑4(b). B‑2 Students.
§ 18‑4(c). Other Aliens.
§ 18‑4(d). F‑1 and M‑1 Students.
§ 18‑4(d)(1). School Accreditation.
§ 18‑4(d)(2). School Issuance of Form I‑20.
§ 18‑4(d)(3). Visa Application and U.S. Entry from Abroad.
§ 18‑4(d)(4). Changing to Student Status in the U.S.
§ 18‑4(d)(5). Supporting Documentation.
§ 18‑4(d)(5)(i). Nonimmigrant Intent.
§ 18‑4(d)(5)(ii). Financial Support.
§ 18‑4(d)(5)(iii). Reason for Entry in Non-student Status.
§ 18‑4(d)(6). Duration, Maintenance, and Extension of Student Status.
§ 18‑4(d)(7). Violation and Restoration of Status.
§ 18‑4(d)(8). School Transfers.
§ 18‑4(d)(9). Employment of Students.
§ 18‑4(d)(9)(i). On-Campus Employment.
§ 18‑4(d)(9)(ii). Severe Economic Hardship Employment.
§ 18‑4(d)(9)(iii). Practical Training.
§ 18‑4(d)(9)(iv). Internship with International Organization.
§ 18‑4(d)(9)(v). Special Arrangements for Emergent Circumstances.
§ 18‑4(d)(10). Temporary Absences from U.S.
§ 18‑4(d)(11). Spouse and Children.
§ 18‑4(d)(12). Limitations on Study at Publicly Funded Institutions.
§ 18‑4(d)(13). Part-Time Commuter Study.
§ 18‑4(e). J‑1 Student Programs.
§ 18‑4(e)(1). J Versus F Programs.
§ 18‑4(e)(2). College and University Students.
§ 18‑4(e)(3). Secondary School Students.
§ 18‑5. Training and Exchange Visitor Classifications.
§ 18‑5(a). Comparison of Classifications.
§ 18‑5(b). J‑1 Exchange Visitors.
§ 18‑5(b)(1). Rules and Procedures for Sponsors.
§ 18‑5(b)(1)(i). Citizenship Requirement for Private Sponsors.
§ 18‑5(b)(1)(ii). General Eligibility.
§ 18‑5(b)(1)(iii). Sponsors’ “Responsible Officers.”
§ 18‑5(b)(1)(iv). Insurance for Participants.
§ 18‑5(b)(1)(v). Contact with State Department (formerly USIA).
§ 18‑5(b)(1)(vi). Sanctions.
§ 18‑5(b)(2). Rules and Procedures for J‑1 Exchange Visitors.
§ 18‑5(b)(2)(i). Original Processing.
§ 18‑5(b)(2)(ii). J Visa Application and Admission.
§ 18‑5(b)(2)(iii). Change of Status to J.
§ 18‑5(b)(2)(iv). Maintenance/Reinstatement of Status, and Transfer and Extension of Program and/or Status.
§ 18‑5(b)(2)(v). Change of Program Category.
§ 18‑5(b)(2)(vi). Readmission in J Status.
§ 18‑5(b)(2)(vii). Termination of Participation.
§ 18‑5(b)(2)(viii). Work Authorization of J‑1/J‑2 Aliens.
§ 18‑5(b)(2)(ix). Two-Year Foreign Residency Requirement.
§ 18‑5(b)(3). Category Eligibility and Procedures.
§ 18‑5(b)(3)(i). Students, Teachers, Professors and Research Scholars, Short-Term Scholars, and Graduate Medical Trainees.
§ 18‑5(b)(3)(ii). Trainees.
§ 18‑5(b)(3)(iii). Specialists.
§ 18‑5(b)(3)(iv). International Visitors.
§ 18‑5(b)(3)(v). Government Visitors.
§ 18‑5(b)(3)(vi). Camp Counselors.
§ 18‑5(b)(3)(vii). Au Pairs.
§ 18‑5(b)(3)(viii). Summer Student/Travel Work.
§ 18‑5(c). Q “Cultural Visitors.”
§ 18‑5(c)(1). Eligibility of Program and Alien.
§ 18‑5(c)(2). Procedures.
§ 18‑5(c)(3). Petition Package.
§ 18‑5(d). H‑3 Trainees.
§ 18‑5(d)(1). Training Program Requirements.
§ 18‑5(d)(2). Procedures.
§ 18‑5(d)(3). Petition Package.
§ 18‑5(d)(4). Special H‑3 Programs.
§ 18‑6. Permanent Residence Options for Visitors, Students, and Trainees.
Part V
OTHER AREAS OF REPRESENTATION CONCERNING FOREIGN NATIONALS
Chapter 19
EMPLOYMENT OF ALIENS
§ 19‑1. Introduction.
§ 19‑2. Consequences of Unauthorized Employment.
§ 19‑3. Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986.
§ 19‑4. Compliance with I‑9 Procedures.
§ 19‑4(a). Form I‑9.
§ 19‑4(b). INS Handbook.
§ 19‑4(c). Workers for Whom an I‑9 Must Be Completed.
§ 19‑4(c)(1). Workers Exempt from I‑9.
§ 19‑4(c)(1)(i). Independent Contractors.
§ 19‑4(c)(1)(ii). “Grandfathered” Employees and Breaks in Service.
§ 19‑4(d). Electronic Verification and ICE “IMAGE”.
§ 19‑4(e). When to Complete Form I‑9 and Check Documents.
§ 19‑4(f). Acceptability of Documents and Constructive Knowledge.
§ 19‑4(g). Whether to Copy Documents Presented.
§ 19‑4(h). Retention and Storage of I‑9 Forms and Document Copies.
§ 19‑4(i). Statute of Limitations and Successor Employers.
§ 19‑4(j). Agricultural Employers, Recruiters, and Referrers.
§ 19‑4(k). Anomalies.
§ 19‑4(l). Penalties.
§ 19‑4(m). Enforcement.
§ 19‑5. Obtaining Employment Authorization for an Alien.
§ 19‑5(a). Self-Authorizing Visa Classifications.
§ 19‑5(a)(1). Classifications.
§ 19‑5(a)(2). Documentation.
§ 19‑5(a)(3). Extensions of Stay and Work Authorization.
§ 19‑5(b). Unrestricted Authorization Incident to Status but Requiring Separate Documentation.
§ 19‑5(b)(1). Employment Authorization Documents.
§ 19‑5(b)(2). Types of Status and Corresponding Documents.
§ 19‑5(b)(3). Permanent Residents.
§ 19‑5(b)(4). Other Aliens Employment Authorized.
§ 19‑5(b)(4)(i). Application for Employment Authorization Document.
§ 19‑5(b)(4)(ii). Employment Authorization Pending Application.
§ 19‑5(b)(4)(iii). Late Adjudications of EAD Applications.
§ 19‑5(b)(4)(iv). Extension of Work Authorization.
§ 19‑5(c). Aliens Requiring Separate Employment Authorization.
§ 19‑5(c)(1). Application.
§ 19‑5(c)(2). Categories.
§ 19‑5(c)(2)(i). Readily Available Authorization.
§ 19‑5(c)(2)(ii). Spouses and Children of Certain Aliens.
§ 19‑5(c)(2)(iii). Certain Students.
§ 19‑5(c)(2)(iv). Certain B‑1 Aliens.
§ 19‑5(c)(2)(v). Economic Necessity.
§ 19‑5(c)(3). Termination of Work Authorization.
§ 19‑6. Employment Discrimination Relating to Aliens.
§ 19‑6(a). Race/National Origin.
§ 19‑6(b). Citizenship Status.
§ 19‑6(b)(1). Prohibited Employer Conduct.
§ 19‑6(b)(2). Protected Individuals.
§ 19‑6(b)(3). Standard of Proof.
§ 19‑6(b)(4). Enforcement.
§ 19‑6(b)(5). Remedies.
§ 19‑7. Other Employment-Related Rights of Aliens
§ 19‑7(a). Unemployment Compensation.
§ 19‑7(b). Workers’ Compensation.
§ 19‑7(c). At-Will Employment.
§ 19‑7(d). Labor Law.
§ 19 7(e). Fair Labor Standards.