INTRODUCTION
1 ARBITRATION IN TURKEY
1.1 GENERAL INFORMATION ON TURKISH LAW
1.1.1 TURKISH LEGISLATION
1.1.2 THE TURKISH COURT STRUCTURE
1.2 TURKEY AS A PLACE OF ARBITRATION
1.3 A SHORT HISTORY OF ARBITRATION IN TURKEY
1.4 ARBITRATION AS AN ALTERNATIVE TO LITIGATION IN TURKEY
2 SOURCES OF TURKISH ARBITRATION LAW
2.1 TURKISH CODES ON ARBITRATION
2.1.1 The Turkish International Arbitration Code (Numbered 4686, TIAC)
2.1.2 The Turkish International Private and Procedural Code (Numbered 5718, TIPPC)
2.1.3 The Law Concerning Arbitration for Concession Contracts, Law Numbered 4501
2.1.4 Turkish Code of Civil Procedure (Numbered 1086, TCCP)
2.2 MULTILATERAL TREATIES
2.2.1 The New York Convention on The Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Awards of 10 June 1958
2.2.2 The European Convention on International Arbitration of 21 April 1961
2.2.3 The International Convention on the Settlement of Investment Disputes between States and Nationals of Other States of 18 March 1965 (ICSID)
3 INSTUTIONAL ARBITRATION IN TURKEY
3.1 ARBİTRATİON INSTİTUTES İN TURKEY
3.1.1 ITO (Istanbul Chambers of Commerce) Arbitration
3.1.1.1 Arbitration Agreement
3.1.1.2 Composition of the Arbitral Tribunal
3.1.1.3 Arbitration Proceeding
3.1.1.3.1 Applicable Law and Language
3.1.1.3.2 Award
3.1.2 TOBB Arbitration
3.1.2.1 Commencement of Arbitration
3.1.2.2 Appointment of the Arbitrator
3.1.2.3 The Proceedings
4 THE TURKISH INTERNATIONAL ARBITRATION CODE AND ITS SCOPE OF APPLICATION
4.1 TURKISH INTERNATIONAL ARBITRATION CODE (NUMBERED 4686, TIAC)
4.2 SCOPE OF APPLICATION
4.3 THE FOREIGN ELEMENT
4.3.1 The Place of Business, Domicile or Habitual Residence
4.3.2 Place of Arbitration
4.3.3 Place of Performance or Closest Connection to Subject Matter
4.3.4 Foreign Investment, Loan or Security
4.3.5 International Transfer of Capital or Goods
4.4 STATE INVOLVED ARBITRATION
4.5 ARBITRABILITY
5 THE EXTENT OF COURT INTERNVENTION
5.1 THE ASSİSTANCE OF THE TURKİSH COURTS İN ARBİTRATİON
5.2 COMPETENT TURKİSH COURT
6 ARBITRATION AGREEMENT
6.1 PARTİES OF THE ARBİTRATİON AGREEMENT
6.2 STATE PARTİES ARBİTRAİTON
6.3 INTENTİON TO ARBİTRATE
6.4 CONTENT OF THE ARBİTRATİON AGREEMENT
6.5 EXİSTİNG LEGAL RELATİONSHİP
6.6 APPLICABLE LAW TO ARBİTRATİON AGREEMENT
6.7 FORM OF THE ARBİTRATİON AGREEMENT
6.8 ENFORCING THE ARBITRATION AGREEMENT
7 INTERIM RELIEF AND INTERIM ATTACHMENTS
7.1 INTERIM MEASURES OF THE ARBITRAL TRIBUNAL
7.2 APPLICATION TO TURKISH COURTS CONCERNING INTERIM MEASURES
7.3 REQUİREMENTS FOR THE TRİBUNAL TO GRANT AN INTERİM MEASURE
7.4 TYPES OF INTERİM MEASURES
8 COMPOSITION OF THE ARBITRAL TRIBUNAL
8.1 SELECTION OF THE ARBITRATORS
8.2 STATING THE NAME OF THE ARBITRATOR IN THE ARBITRATION AGREEMENT
8.3 QUALIFICATIONS OF THE ARBITRATOR
8.4 PARTİES AGREEMENT ON THE METHOD OF APPOİNTMENT OF THE ARBİTRATORS
8.4.1 Appointment of the Sole Arbitrator
8.4.2 Appointment of the Members of the Tribunal
8.4.3 Choice of an Appointing Authority by the Parties
8.4.4 Absence of an Agreed Appointing Authority and the Number of Arbitrators
8.5 INDEPENDENCY OF THE ARBİTRATOR
8.6 CHALLENGİNG THE APPOİNTMENT OF THE ARBİTRATOR
8.7 REPLACİNG THE ARBİTRATOR
8.8 RESPONSIBILITY OF ARBITRATORS
9 APPLICABLE LAW TO THE ARBITRATION
9.1 DETERMİNATİON OF THE APPLİCABLE LAW TO THE ARBİTRATİON
9.2 EQUAL TREATMENT AND DUE PROCESS
9.3 REQUİREMENT OF BEİNG REPRESENTED BY COUNSEL
10 PLACE OF ARBITRATION
10.1 GENERAL
10.2 DETERMİNATİON OF THE PLACE OF ARBİTRATİON
10.3 MEETİNG İN A PLACE OTHER THAN THE PLACE OF ARBİTRATİON
11 COMMENCING DATE AND TIME FOR ARBITRATION
11.1 COMMENCİNG DATE FOR ARBİTRATİON
11.2 TİME OF ARBİTRATİON
11.2.1 Commencing date of Time for Arbitration
11.2.2 Extension of Time for Arbitration
12 ARBITRATION PROCEEDINGS
12.1 GENERAL
12.2 JURISDICTIONAL OBJECTION
12.2.1 The Principal of Competence–Competence
12.2.2 Autonomy of the Arbitration Agreement
12.2.3 Timing of Jurisdictional Objection
12.3 THE LANGUAGE OF THE ARBITRATION
12.4 MULTIPARTY ARBITRATION
12.5 FILING AND SERVICE OF THE DOCUMENT
12.5.1 Instigating the Arbitral Proceedings
12.5.2 The Time-Frame and Statements to be Submitted
12.6 NEW CLAİMS
12.7 TERMS OF REFERENCE
12.8 HEARİNG
12.9 DEFAULT İN ARBİTRATİON PROCEEDİNGS
13 EXPERTS
13.1 THE APPOİNTMENT OF AN EXPERT
13.2 THE İSSUES ON WHİCH THE EXPERT MAY OPİNE
13.3 DOCUMENTS, HEARİNG PARTİCİPATİON AND SİTE VİSİTS
14 TAKING OF EVIDENCE
14.1 DOCUMENTS
14.2 WİTNESS
15 APPLICABLE LAW
15.1 CHOİCE OF LAW
15.2 ACCEPTED TRADE USAGE
15.3 ABSENCE OF CHOİCE OF LAW
15.4 AMİABLE COMPOSİTEUR
16 TERMINATION OF ARBITRATION
16.1 WİTHDRAWAL OF THE CLAİM
16.2 CONTİNUATİON OF THE PROCEEDİNGS BECOMES UNNECESSARY OR IMPOSSİBLE
16.3 REJECTION OF TIME EXTENTION BY THE COURT
16.4 FAİLURE TO COME TO A DECİSİON
16.5 LOSİNG CAPACİTY DURİNG THE ARBİTRATİON PROCEEDİNGS
16.6 FAİLURE TO PAY THE ADVANCE
16.7 SETTLEMENT
17 MAKING THE AWARD
17.1 CONTENT OF THE AWARD
17.2 NOTİFİCATİON OF THE AWARD
17.3 CORRECTİON, INTERPRETATİON AND ADDİTİONAL AWARD
18 ARBITRATION COST
18.1 ARBİTRATOR’S FEE
18.2 DECISION ON COST
19 RECOURSE AGAINST THE AWARD
19.1 THE COMPETENT COURT FOR SETTİNG ASİDE AN AWARD
19.2 TIME LIMIT FOR RECOURSE AGAINST THE AWARD
19.3 CONSEQUENCES OF THE APPLİCATİON FOR SETTİNG ASİDE
19.4 WAİVER OF SETTİNG ASİDE
19.5 THE GROUNDS FOR SETTİNG ASİDE
19.5.1 Grounds to be considered by the Court Ex Officio
19.5.1.1 Non Arbitrability
19.5.1.2 Violation of Public Policy
19.5.2 Grounds to be Proven by the Party Seeking the Setting Aside of an Award
19.5.2.1 Invalidity of the Arbitration Agreement or Incapacity of the Parties
19.5.2.2 The Arbitration Clause as a Separate Entity to the Contract
19.5.2.3 Irregularity in the Composition of the Arbitral Tribunal
19.5.2.4 Not Making the Award within the Time Limit for Arbitration
19.5.2.5 Wrong Ruling on Jurisdiction
19.5.2.6 Exceeding Authority
19.5.2.7 Violation of the Arbitration Procedure
19.5.2.8 Violation of the Equal Treatment Principal
19.6 PARTİAL SETTİNG ASİDE
19.7 BURDEN OF PROOF AND PROCEEDİNG
19.8 THE CONSEQUENCES OF AN AWARD BEİNG SETTİNG ASİDE
20 RECOGNITION AND ENFORCEMENT
20.1 THE APPLİCABLE RULES FOR RECOGNİTİON AND ENFORCEMENT
20.1.1 Recognition
20.1.2 Enforcement
20.1.2.1 The Documents to Be Supplied
20.1.2.2 Competent Court
20.1.2.3 The Procedure of Enforcement
20.1.2.4 Confidentiality
20.1.2.5 The Consequence of the Court Decision of Enforcement
20.2 GROUNDS FOR REJECTING RECOGNITION AND ENFORCEMENT
20.2.1 Invalidity of the Arbitration Agreement or Incapacity of the Parties
20.2.2 Violation of Due Process
20.2.3 Excess of Authority
20.2.4 Irregularity in the Composition of the Arbitral Tribunal or in the Arbitral Procedure
20.2.5 Award Not Binding or Set Aside
20.2.6 Arbitrability
20.2.7 Violation of Public Policy
20.2.8 Reciprocity Reservation
20.2.9 Commercial Reservation
20.3 RECOGNITION AND ENFORCEMENT UNDER TURKISH IPPC
21 INVESTMENT ARBITRATION IN TURKEY
21.1 GENERAL
21.1.1 Investor's Substantive Rights and Protections under BITs and MITs
21.1.1.1 Full Protection and Security
21.1.1.2 No Expropriation without Compensation
21.1.1.3 Fair and Equitable Treatment
21.1.1.4 Transparency
21.1.1.5 Denial of Justice
21.2 Energy Disputes
21.3 ICSID
21.3.1 Jurisdiction of the ICSID Centre
21.3.1.1 Consent
21.3.1.2 Ratione Materiae
21.3.1.3 Ratione Personae
21.3.1.3.1 Most Favored Nation Clauses
21.3.1.3.2 Umbrella Clauses
21.3.2 ICSID Additional Facility Rules
21.4 THE INVESTEMENT CASES AGAİNST TURKEY
21.4.1 Motorola
21.4.2 PSEG
21.4.3 Europe Cement
21.4.4 Cementownia (Nowa Huta)
21.4.5 Saba Fakes
21.4.6 Libananco
21.4.7 Alapli
21.5 THE INVESTMENT ARBİTATİONS BY TURKİSH INVESTORS AGAİNST HOST STATES
21.5.1 Bayindir v. Pakistan
21.5.2 Sistem v. Kyrgyz
21.5.3 Barmek v. Azerbaijan
21.5.4 Rumeli-Telsim v. Kazakhistan
21.5.5 Ata v. Jordan
21.5.6 Karmer v. Georgia
21.5.7 Ickale v. Turkmenistan
21.5.8 Kilic v. Turkmenistan
22 CONSTRUCTION ARBITRATION INVOLVING TURKEY
22.1 THE TURKİSH CONSTRUCTİON INDUSTRY
22.2 FOREİGN CONTRACTORS İN TURKEY
22.2.1 Structuring Construction Business in Turkey
22.2.2 Work Permits in Construction Project
22.2.3 Labour Requirements
22.2.4 Health and Safety Regulations
22.2.5 Structuring Construction Contracts
22.2.6 Prototype Agreements for Public Works
22.3 Turkish Construction Law
22.4 DİSPUTE RESOLUTİON OF CONSTRUCTİON CONTRACTS
22.4.1 Pre-arbitration Methods
22.4.2 Construction Arbitration
22.4.2.1 Arbitration Agreement
22.4.2.2 Interim Measures Before of After the Arbitration has Started
22.4.2.3 Arbitral Proceeding
23 CORPORATE ARBITRATION INVOLVING TURKEY
23.1 TURKİSH CORPORATE LAW
23.2 ARBITRATING CORPORTE DISPUTES
23.3 ARBİTRATİON CLAUSE
23.3.1 Arbitration Clauses in the Shareholders Agreement
23.3.2 Arbitration Clause in the Article of Association
23.4 ANNULMENT OF THE SHAREHOLDERS’ RESOLUTİON
23.5 ARBİTRATİON WİTH THE EMPLOYEES OF THE COMPANY
23.6 THE CORPORATE VEİL
24 INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY ARBITRATION IN TURKEY
24.1 TURKİSH INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY LAW
24.2 ARBITRABILITY
25 MARITIME ARBITRATION IN TURKEY
25.1 THE NATURE MARİTİME DİSPUTES
25.2 MARİTİME ARBİTRATİON
25.3 TURKİSH MARİTİME ARBİTRATİON
APPENDICES
Appendix A: Turkish International Arbitration Code
Appendix B: Turkish Code of Civil Procedure
Appendix C: New York Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards Turkey, Ratification 2 July 1992, Entry into Force 30 September 1992
Appendix D: Istanbul Chamber of Commerce Regulation Pertaining to Arbitration, Conciliation and Expert Witness Arbitration
Appendix E: The Arbitration Rules of the Union of Chambers of Commerce and Commodity Exchanges of Turkey
INDEX
